Sid Solaković

Hidden Danger of Irrational Abusing Illegal Androgenic-anabolic Steroids in Recreational Athletes Age Under 35 in Bosnia & Herzegovina.

Introduction: Androgenic-anabolic steroids are rarely used by sportsmen who want to improve physical performance in competition sport. Despite that they are well aware of the side effects of anabolic steroids, many young athletes in Bosnia and Herzegovina without competition motivation come in temptation, trying to achieve better muscle proportion and physical performance unknowing consequence of side effects and what is hiding behind. Risk factors such as increasing of lipid levels and arterial hypertension are major factors which have important role in the Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and are responsible for occurrence of cardiovascular disease even causing a sudden death in young athletes. Objective: The aim of the study was to estimate the frequency of misusing of androgenic anabolic steroid drugs in young recreational sportsmen without competition motivation. This study will try to estimate vascular and lipid status, analyzing the side effects of steroids in young recreational athletes under the age of 35, in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods: The study included 70 individuals in period of 2010 till 2015 on recreational exercising program; 35 individuals misusing androgenic anabolic steroids during the period of 5 years were compared with 35 individuals which do not use androgenic anabolic steroids. Non-invasive methods were used in all individual (clinical examination and vascular ultrasound examination of vein system). The routine of training units in both groups was approximately two hours 4-6 times per week. Results: Final analysis has reveal that in androgenic anabolic steroids group in 18 individuals or 55.7% arterial hypertension with hyperlipidemia was more represented, compared with the group without using anabolic steroids, represented by 2 individuals or 5.7% and it was statistically considered significant by using p value less than 0.05. (p<0.05). Statistically dominant population using anabolic steroids drugs are males (100%) or 35 individuals; we did not find females using anabolic steroids and that is why our research was limited to male population. Conclusion: Recreational male sportsmen are dominant androgenic anabolic steroids misusers, trying to achieve better muscle proportion and physical performance, they neglect the anabolic steroids side effects which have devastating consequence on vascular system. Benefits of misusing drugs in recreational exercising program in young sportsmen are mostly connected with development of arterial hypertension and hyperlipidemia and the variety of serious health disorders, progressing the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.

SPECIFIC TRAINING ADJUSTMENTS FOR YOUNG DISCUS THROWERS AS A PREREQUISITE FOR ACHIEVING ELITE PERFORMANCE

Mensur Vrcić , Ratko Pavlović , Sid Solaković, Erol Kovačević 1 and Ensar Abazović Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 Clinic for Vascular Surgery, Clinical Center in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4 Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Croatia

SURGICAL APPROACHES TO REVASCULARISATION OF AORTO-ILIACAL SEGMENT

Introduction: The retroperitoneal approach for abdominal aortic and iliac reconstruction classically had been reserved for select patients with either high-risk comorbid disease or specific anatomic problems that preclude the transabdominal approach. With increasing appreciation of the physiologic, anatomic, and technical advantages of the retroperitoneal approach, the authors have expanded its use for repair of all types of aorto-iliac artery disease as well as infected aortic grafts. The objective of this article is to determine whether retroperitoneal approach for aorto-iliac surgery has greater physiologic and technical advantages than transperitoneal approach. Patients and Methods: From January 2002 to May 2006, 344 retroperitoneal aortoiliac reconstructions were performed and 2 for infected aortic grafts. On the other hand we also performed 283 transperitoneal aortic and aorto-iliac reconstructions. From total number of operated patients for aorto-iliac disease, 99 patients fulfilled criteria for entrance in the study. Beside identical operative indication (aorto-iliac disease), patients were matched according to comorbidities, age, gender, and bad habits such as smoking and alcohol abuse. Results: The mean age was 61 years with 70 men and 29 women. Overall mortality was 1% for all cases: 2% for trnasperitoneal and 0% for retroperitoneal approach. Major complications occurred in 11% of all procedures, 8% in retroperitoneal and 14% in transperitoneal approach. Over the past 4.5 years, the average length of hospital stay for uncomplicated aorto-iliac reconstructions was 5.9 days in retroperitoneal group and 6.3 days in transperitoneal group, intensive care unit stay was 1.2 days in retroperitoneal and 2.5 days in transperitoneal group, and diet was resumed by postoperative day 1 in retroperitoneal versus postoperative day 3 in transperitoneal group. Two-year graft patency was 99% for retroperitoneal and 96% for transperitoneal approach. Discussion: The retroperitoneal approach offers greater physiologic advantages than transperitoneal approach, associated with minimal disturbance of gastrointestinal and respiratory function, thereby reducing the length of intensive care unit and hospital stay.