Siddhartha Das

A Study on the Effect of Pulse Electrodeposition Parameters on the Morphology of Pure Tin Coatings

Pure Sn coatings are prepared by pulse current (PC) electrodeposition using aqueous acidic sulfate plating bath. The effects of various electroplating parameters such as current density, additive concentration, duty cycle, frequency, pH, bath temperature, and stirring rate (bath rotation) on the evolution of surface morphology of the coatings have been studied. The as-deposited coatings are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and surface profilometry. It is found that the current density, additive concentration, duty cycle, frequency, and pH have a major influence while temperature and stirring rate of the bath have a minor effect on the grain-size distribution. The mechanism involved in the morphology evolution and grain-size distribution due to the varying electroplating parameters has also been discussed.

Evaluation of wear of turning carbide inserts using neural networks

Abstract Recent trends, being towards mostly unmanned automated machining systems and consistent system operations, need reliable on-line monitoring processes. A proper on-line cutting tool condition monitoring system is essential for deciding when to change the tool. Many methods have been attempted in this connection. Recently, artificial neural networks have been tried for this purpose because of its inherent simplicity and reasonably quick data-processing capability. The present work uses the back propagation algorithm for training the neural network of 5-3-1 structure. The technique shows close matching of estimation of average flank wear and directly measured wear value. Thus the system developed demonstrates the possibility of successful tool wear monitoring on-line.

3D tool wear measurement and visualisation using stereo imaging

Tool wear detection has traditionally restricted itself to 2D study and measurement. A new technique for the measurement and visualisation of tool wear pattern has been presented in this paper. This method provides visualisation of the tool wear geometry using a pair of stereo images and generates the volume of crater wear as a new parameter for inspection. The results demonstrate that the volume of crater wear can be effectively used to characterise the tool wear. The average depth of the tool wear and surface area of the crater are also obtained as parameters for measurement. The technique provides a fast and a possible on-line method of tool wear analysis and measurement.

Dry Sliding Wear and Friction Behavior of Cu-SiC Nanocomposite Coating Prepared by Pulse Reverse Electrodeposition

The dry sliding wear and friction behavior of Cu-SiC nanocomposite coatings prepared by pulse-reverse co-electrodeposition technique has been evaluated using a ball-on-disk wear instrument. The effect of variation in normal load and sliding speed on wear and friction behavior was studied. This behavior was compared with two other pure specimens, one prepared under conditions similar to those of the composite and the other by casting and rolling. From the wear test it was observed that the wear rate of the nanocomposite increases with an increase in normal load, whereas it decreases with an increase in sliding speed. The coefficient of friction increases with an increase in sliding speed. However, with normal load variation, it shows a minimum at an intermediate load. In all tests the composite shows the lowest wear rate and coefficient of friction except at the highest load tested, where it is observed to show a coefficient of friction similar to that of the electrodeposited pure Cu.

Synthesis of calcium hydrogen phosphate and hydroxyapatite coating on SS316 substrate through pulsed electrodeposition.

The orthopaedic implants for human body are generally made of different biomaterials like stainless steels or Ti based alloys. However, it has been found that from surface properties point of view, none of these materials is attractive for fast tissue or cell growth on the surface of implant. This is one of the most important criteria to assure quick bonding between implant and body tissues vis-à-vis minimum recovery time for the patient. Keeping in view of the above facts, this work involves the pulsed electro-deposition coating of biocompatible hydroxyapatite and its group compounds from a diluted bath of calcium and phosphate salt at various current densities over the biomaterial sheet of SS316. SEM study confirms different morphologies of the coatings at different current densities. Characterization techniques like X-ray diffraction, SEM with EDX and FTIR have been used to confirm the phase and percentage quantity of hydroxyapatite compound in the depositions. This coating can serve as a medium for faster tissue growth over the metallic implants.

Pulse Reverse Electrodeposition of Cu-SiC Nanocomposite Coating: Effects of Surfactants and Deposition Parameters

Cu-SiC nanocomposite coatings have been deposited from an aqueous sulfate electrolyte using the technique of pulse reverse electrodeposition both in the absence and presence of three different types of surfactants, anionic, cationic, or nonionic. The effects of different electrodeposition parameters on some properties of the coatings have been studied. In all cases, it has been observed that the surface roughness, hardness, and resistivity increase with the increase in cathodic current density. However, they have been observed to decrease with the increase in anodic current density and the anodic current time. The variation in the amount of incorporated reinforcement with different deposition parameters has been observed to be dependent on the nature of the surfactant used. In the presence of cationic and nonionic surfactant, a noticeable increase in the amount of incorporated reinforcement and hardness has been observed. Samples prepared under higher anodic current density have been observed to possess lower stress, but intense texture. An increase in cathodic current density has been observed to decrease the extent of texturing.

Development of TiC reinforced austenitic manganese steel

Abstract The Fe–17Mn austenitic manganese steel and its in situ composite containing 10 vol.-%TiC were produced by conventional melting and casting technique. The mechanical properties such as hardness, impact toughness, elastic modulus, and impact wear resistance of the steel and composite were evaluated both in the as solutionised (1100°C/1 h/WQ) and secondary processed (forged plus warm rolled) condition. It is observed that an incorporation of hard TiC particles in austenitic manganese steel as well as secondary processing help to increase the hardness, elastic modulus and impact wear resistance, but deteriorate the impact toughness. On a produit l’acier austénitique au manganèse, Fe–17Mn et son composite in-situ contenant 10% en volume de TiC, par une technique conventionnelle de fusion et de moulage. On a évalué les propriétés mécaniques comme la dureté, la résistance à l’impact, le module d’élasticité et la résistance à l’usure par impact de l’acier et de son composite après traitement de mise en solution (1100°C/1 h/trempé à l’eau) ou après traitement secondaire (forgé et laminé à chaud). On a observé qu’une incorporation de particules dures de TiC dans l’acier austénitique au manganèse, ainsi que le traitement secondaire, augmentait la dureté, le module d’élasticité et la résistance à l’usure par impact, mais détériorait la résistance à l’impact.

Amorphization and recrystallization of single-crystalline hydrogen titanate nanowires by N+ ion irradiation

We report on the phase transformation of hydrogen titanate (H2Ti3O7) nanowires induced by 50 keV N+ ion irradiation at room temperature with fluences of 1 × 1015 ions/cm2 and 1 × 1016 ions/cm2, respectively. Using transmission electron microscopy, the internal structure of the ion irradiated nanowires is analyzed. At low fluence, a transformation from crystalline H2Ti3O7 to amorphous TiO2 is observed. However, at higher fluence, a remarkable crystalline-amorphous TiO2 core-shell structure is formed. At this higher fluence, the recrystallization occurs in the core of the nanowire and the outer layer remains amorphous. The phase transformation and formation of core-shell structure are explained using the thermal spike model, radiation enhanced diffusion, and classical theory of nucleation and growth under non-equilibrium thermodynamics. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman scattering reveal further insight into the structure of the nanowires before and after ion irradiation.