Sideney Becker Onofre

Anaerobic biodigestion in Indian batch-type biodigester, using poultry litter as substrate for the production of biogas.

1 Center of Exact and Environmental Sciences Postgraduate Program in Technology and Innovation Management PPGTI Regional Community University of Chapecó UNOCHAPECÓ Av. Senador Attílio Fontana, 591-E EFAPI 89809-000 Chapecó Santa Catarina Brazil. 2 Paraná Southwest Education Union UNISEP Course in Environmental Engineering Av. Presidente Kennedy, 2601 Dois Vizinhos Paraná Brazil. 3 Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering Federal University of Pelotas – UFPel -Rua Flores da Cunha, 809 – Pelotas – Rio Grande do Sul – Brazil.

Characterization of the Use and Occupation of Soil on Rural Properties Using Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems - RPAS

The use of remotely piloted aircraft systems allows for practicality in the collection and monitoring of study areas or in the development of rehabilitation projects for degraded areas. As such, this technology is gaining space as an alternative for applications in studies and surveys of several areas. This work is justified by the demand for projects and the search for practical alternatives that will enable the framing of rural properties according to the new Brazilian Forestry Code (Codigo Florestal Brasileiro) and its environmental recovery plans (Plano de Recuperacao Ambiental). The objective of this study is therefore to evaluate the use of a Remotely Piloted Aircraft System in the monitoring of a rural property, seeking to include it in the framework of the Brazilian Forestry Code. To accomplish this work, information samples were taken in an area of 30.19 ha of a rural property with the use of a Remotely Piloted Aircraft System - RPAS. After the data collection, the images were treated using the QGis software and through the generation of an ortho-mosaic, which enabled the data to be analyzed and interpreted. With the interpretation of land use and occupation data and with the generation of maps of land use and occupation, a diagnosis of the current situation of the area can be obtained. In a second phase, maps were created to include the property in the current legislative framework, seeking its regularization. After the completion of this work, the conclusion can be drawn that the use of a Remotely Piloted Aircraft System - RPAS is viable and enables the monitoring of rural areas with efficiency and speed.

Plaster Layout Process in Civil Works with a Focus on Clean Production

The constant expansion of civil construction and the increasing use of plaster gives rise to a solid waste generation problem causing difficulties for the disposal or reuse of this material. The generation of plaster waste represents an economic problem, with serious consequences and impacts. In order to contribute to sustainability, this study sought to evaluate the reduction of plaster waste in an apartment construction project, employing the layout method. With the adequate arrangement of plates, a reduction of 4.41% in the use of plaster could be obtained, This reduction will consequently result in the minimization of waste from civil works, bringing invaluable economic and environmental benefits.

Chemical Composition of the Biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae - (Meyen ex E. C. Hansen, 1883) Yeast obtained from the Beer Manufacturing Process

Brewers yeast was subjected to analytical studies to determine the chemical composition of its biomass. To this end, traditional methods of analysis were used to determine ribonucleic acid (RNA), mineral elements, amino acids and fatty acids. The results showed that proteins (49.63%), carbohydrates (31.55%), minerals (7.98%), RNA (8.12%) and total lipids (4.64%) predominate in the biomass composition. The amino acid profile of the protein is suitable for human nutrition, exceeding the recommendations from the FAO/WHO/UNU for essential amino acids. It is particularly rich in lysine and could be recommended as protein supplement in cereals. It was also observed that the yeast was an excellent source of some microelements, such as selenium, chromium, nickel and lithium; that it is also a good source of dietary fiber, particularly soluble fibers; and that the content of lipids was low, with a predominance of saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids with 10, 16 and 18 carbon atoms.

Characterization of polygalacturonases produced by the endophytic fungus Penicillium brevicompactum in solid state fermentation - SSF

Polygalacturonases belong to the family of pectinases, enzymes that are in high demand in industry because of their many different applications. This study therefore sought to examine the production of polygalacturonases using an endophytic fungus, Penicilium brevicompactum, isolated from Baccharis dracunculifolia D.C. (Asteraceae) through semi solid fermentation using orange peels and citric pectin 2% as base substrate, supplemented with different carbon sources. After the fermentation process, the enzyme was characterized. The results showed that the micro-organism was able to use a wide range of carbon sources, but with polygalacturonase activity varying with each source. The highest yield, however, was achieved after 30 hours of incubation in the presence of 4% of galactose and 2% of pectin. Studies on the characterization of the polygalacturonase revealed that the optimal temperature of this enzyme is 72°C and that it maintains 60 and 15% of its maximum activity when incubated for 2 hours at 40 and 90°C, respectively. The optimal pH for the activity of the enzyme was 4.6. The enzyme retained 65 and 30% of its maximum activity when incubated at pH 3.5 and 9.5, respectively, for 24 hours at ambient temperature. The enzyme activity was stimulated by Mg2+ ions. On the other hand, it was inhibited by the ions Cs+2, Hg+2, Li+2 and Sr+2. The ions Zn+2 and Cu+2 inhibited it by 94% and 69%, respectively.

Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity of Vitex Montevidensis (Spreng) Moldenke - Verbenaceae

In recent years, a substantial amount of evidence has pointed to the key role of free radicals and other oxidants as the main culprits for aging and degenerative diseases associated with aging, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, cataract, decline of the immune system and brain dysfunctions. The objective of this work was therefore to detect variations in total phenol and flavonoid content, and in antioxidant activity of samples of V. montevidensis. Dried samples were submitted to extraction to obtain the hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol fractions. Phytochemical prospecting and an analysis of the phenolic content and antioxidant activity was carried out. The data was analyzed according to the mean±standard deviation and submitted to analysis of variance followed by Tukeys test with a significance of (p < 0.05). Flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids and anthraquinones were detected in the samples. The content of total flavonoids varied between 3.18±0,58 and 7.22±0,17 g/100g, while the total phenols ranged from 1.13±0.16 to 18.44±0.21 g/100g. The extracts produced EC 50 between 339.75±6.56 and 278.33±23.11 μg/mL.