Sidnei Osmar Jadoski

Estimativa da produtividade do milho em função da disponibilidade hídrica em Guarapuava, PR, Brasil

This study aimed to estimate the average potential of production of the corn crop in consequence of the variation of the water availability and the planting performed at different dates within the recommended period for Guarapuava, Parana State, Brazil. The study was conducted considering uninterrupted series of climate data for the period from 1984 to 2007. The duration of the crop cycle was calculated by the accumulation of the thermal sum and the availability of water evaluated by the water balance of the crop considering the distribution of the precipitation and the evapotranspiration of the crop. The probability of reduction of the grain yield due to shortage of water was estimated considering the percentage of the reduction of grain production with the occurrence of water deficiency in the different stages of the crop cycle. It was verified that the corn crop is affected by the distribution of the water availability along the crop cycle, with the highest probability of production losses for water deficiency occurring at the stage of anthesis-fecundation. Late planting in the recommended period tend to cause less risks of having grain productivity below the regional average.

FORMAS DE MECANIZAÇÃO E MANEJO DO SOLO PARA A CULTURA DA BATATA I – CARACTERÍSTICAS DA PRODUÇÃO

The aim of the research was to study the effects of management with different forms of tillage, stubble and types of infestation of soil with Trichoderma harzianum on the characteristics of components of the canopy of the potato crop, production and characteristics of tubers produced. The experiment was structured in a randomized design in split plots in a factorial 4 x 5 x 2 with four replications. It was evaluated, in plots, the following forms of tillage: tillage base (and chisel plowing) - P1, base tillage more harrowing - P2, rotary hoe most basic preparation and P3 base most harrowing and rotary hoe - P4. In the subsections it was used the stubble of oats, corn, wheat, beans and a control without stubble. The sub subplot constitutes of no infestation or infestation of T. harzianum in soil. It was concluded that less tillage causes greater crop yield, and that the application of stubble positive effect for increasing productivity, especially corn and wheat. The effect of T. harzianum to the potato yield was not significant, demonstrating the need for further studies.

Formas de mecanização e manejo do solo para a cultura da batata II - desenvolvimento vegetativo

O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar os efeitos do manejo com diferentes formas de preparo do solo, tipos de resteva e infestacao do solo com o fungo Trichoderma harzianum Rifai sobre as caracteristicas de componentes do dossel vegetativo da cultura da batata. O experimento foi desenvolvido em Guarapuava-PR, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com parcelas subsubdivididas, em um esquema fatorial 4 x 5 x 2, com quatro repeticoes. Para o fator 1, foram avaliadas quatro formas de mecanizacao do preparo do solo (P): preparo-base (escarificacao e sulcamento) - P1; preparo-base mais grade niveladora - P2; preparo-base mais enxada rotativa - P3 preparo-base mais grade niveladora e enxada rotativa - P4. No fator 2, utilizaram-se restevas de aveia, milho, trigo, feijao e uma testemunha sem resteva. O fator 3 constitui-se da infestacao ou nao infestacao do solo com o fungo T. harzianum. As variaveis comprimento da maior haste e indice de area foliar (IAF) foram afetadas pelo tratamento com o fungo T. harzianum. O IAF apresentou tambem comportamento diferenciado ao longo do ciclo em relacao a cobertura do solo com resteva de milho. O maior revolvimento do solo no preparo inicial reduz a producao de massa seca da parte aerea da cultura da batata.

Panorama da produção olerícola na mesorregião Centro-Sul do Paraná

Overview of agricultural production in the Center-South Region of Paraná The Center-South Region of the State of Paraná has socio-economic characteristics that are highly related to agriculture, but with little emphasis on the production of olive groves. This work aimed to identify the major olive groves in the central-southern region of Paraná in relation to the state and country through a bibliographic review, using in part official data from SEAB and IBGE and collecting data from municipal agencies. In comparing the data at state and national level, potatoes, onions and tomatoes in the Guarapuava region are common, and little or no expression for cassava cultivation. It was concluded that this region presents great potential for this type of production due to the characteristics of the properties with expressive participation of family agriculture. However, for the production of olive groves to be significantly increased in a viable way to the producer, changes and investments are necessary in aspects that involve both the promotion and technical assistance, as well as the producer organization. Aiming at better structuring the buying and selling process, as well as the classification, processing and packaging infrastructure of the products before being destined to the final consumer market.

Soil Physical Quality Under Silvopastoral Management and Secondary Forest

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the soil physical quality in a 20-year regenerating forest area (FS) in relation to an area under silvopastoral management during the same period with randomly spaced (SSP) native tree species. Samples were collected up to 60 cm deep to obtain soil water retention curves, density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, mechanical penetration resistance (MPR) and the respective soil moisture at the time of collection. Soil density, mechanical resistance to penetration and total porosity were similar between the management systems. Microporosity was higher in FS than in SSP, leading to lower water storage capacity in the silvopastural system. The 20-year isolation of the silvopastoral system proved to be able to affect the soil water storage capacity due to changes in porosity, making its soils to reach similar values to natural forest. Keywords: pore size distribution, soil quality, silvopastoral systems. 1. INTRODUCAO A demanda por sistemas agricolas de producao sustentavel proporciona destaque aos sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs), visto que, neste sistema, e realizada a combinacao entre a implantacao ou manutencao de especies lenhosas, para retirada de madeira ou outros produtos florestais, junto ao cultivo agricola e/ou pecuario (Andrade et al., 2012). Relacionados a este sistema de manejo, os sistemas silvipastoris

Effects to the combination of Azospirillum brasilense with fungicides in wheat development

Abstract The use of biological inputs the base diazotrophs has emerged as an alternative in reducing the need for application of nitrogenous fertilizers. However, the chemical seed treatment might come to promote detrimental effects on soil microflora. This study aims to assess the effects of Captana fungicides and Carboxin + Tiram associated with Azospirillum brasilense on wheat. The study was conducted in laboratory and greenhouse at the Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Laranjeiras do Sul, PR. The design adopted was completely randomized with eight treatments and four repetitions: witness; A. brasilense; Captana; Carboxin + Tiram; Captana + Carboxin + Tiram; A. brasilense + Captana; A. brasilense + Carboxin + Tiram; A. brasilense + Captana + Carboxin + Tiram. In laboratory tests were evaluated related to germination and seedling development. In a protected environment were analyzed shoot characteristics and root system up to 60 DAE. It appears that the isolated use of A. brasilense, generally showed higher performance compared to standard witness, whereas the association with Captana and Carboxin + Tiram promoted similar results to treatment with the absence of the bacterium and the default witness, inferring a possible toxic effect arising from the practice of chemical seed treatment with these products on the performance of the bacterium. Thus, the use of Captana and Carboxin + Thiram interferes with the interaction root bacteria, affecting the germination process and the initial development of the wheat.

Climate influence in diameter growth of Araucária angustifolia: literature review

The tree growth is influenced by several factors intrinsic and extrinsic, varying not only between species but between also responding to environmental changes and ecological conditions, or site factors. However, the weather, specifically the air temperature and precipitation stand out as the climatic variables that play a greater influence on the diameter growth of several species of temperate and subtropical climate, and often tropical climate. dendrochronological studies of native species present data to generate information relevant to conservation management and production, and potential use in climate reconstruction of the region. Araucaria angustifolia species is characteristic of the Araucaria Forest, with striking character in this forest type and thus arousing the interest of research conservationist standpoint and productive potential. The aim of this study was to research related to dendrochronology and influence of climatic variables on the growth of A. angustifolia in areas of native forests. It can be seen that in general, the most limiting factor in a most critical time is likely to express greater response, or precipitation and / or low temperatures coinciding with the beginning of the growing season tend to form more narrow annual rings, and thus a lower annual growth. According to the analyzed studies it can be noted that the greater precipitation and higher average temperature during the growing season, higher annual rings tend to be found, although this influence appears to be very tied to site conditions.

Historical characterization of culture and prognosis of development of potato production in Brazil

The potato (Solanum tubersum L.) has great expression in cultivated area and economic and social importance for the majority of the more than 160 countries where culture is produced. The objective was to organize information in order to summarize relevant aspects about the cultural history from its most known sources, and to submit most current data on the production and productivity of culture in recent decades in Brazil. The main historical aspects show that the potato crop has its origins in the Titicaca, Peru Lake area, approximately dating back to 10,000 BC Although it is well distributed in the country, except for the northern region, the potato crop in Brazil is developed with the highest expression Southeast and South regions, regions with favorable climatic and soil conditions where the hot weather conditions are unfavorable for the crop. The production and potato productivity in Brazil are increasing over the past decades, yet the setting for culture points to the need for new alternatives for cultivation and consumption to greater standardization and reduction of fluctuations in the supply chain.

Effect of different volumes and adjuvants in the air and ground spraying in the maize culture

O experimento foi conduzido na safra agricola 2007/2008 no municipio de Carambei (PR) Brasil, Latitude 24° 55’ 04’’ S, Longitude 50° 05’ 50’’ O. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes volumes de calda de pulverizacao e adjuvantes na aplicacao aerea e terrestre de fungicida na cultura do milho. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela aplicacao do fungicida do grupo quimico Estrobirulina (Piraclostrobina) e Triazol (Epoxiconazol) com concentracao 133/50 SC na dosagem de 0,7 L ha -1 (93,1/35 i. a.) aplicado nas vazoes de 10 e 20 L ha -1 na aplicacao aerea e 150 L ha -1 via terrestre, e os adjuvantes testados foram: a) oleo vegetal retificado, b) oleo mineral adesivo e c) adjuvante sintetico. Os principais resultados verificados foram que na pulverizacao aerea da cultura do milho a vazao de 20 L ha -1 ocasiona espectro de gotas com caracteristicas mais adequadas quanto ao diâmetro mediano volumetrico, penetracao de gotas e potencial de risco de deriva, em relacao a aplicacao de 10 L ha -1 . E possivel utilizar uma vazao intermediaria (15 L ha -1 ) como alternativa para aplicacao de fungicidas na cultura. No espectro de pulverizacao, as gotas de maior diâmetro tendem a atingir as folhas do terco mediano e superior, e o terco inferior recebe gotas de menor diâmetro e em menor densidade por unidade de area em relacao as folhas dos tercos mais elevados na planta.

Behavior of climatic characteristics for the management of agricultural crops in Guarapuava, central south of the state of Paraná

As variacoes no regime hidrico e climatico sao os fatores que mais atuam na limitacao da producao agricola. A regiao que abrange o municipio de Guarapuava e caracterizada por grande potencial de producao de culturas de inverno e de verao, especialmente cereais, devido a estacoes do ano geralmente bem definidas e elevado indice anual de precipitacao pluvial. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de caracteristicas climaticas como precipitacao pluvial, temperatura, umidade relativa do ar, radiacao solar e velocidade do vento visando interpretar suas variacoes e disponibilizar informacoes para o manejo de culturas agricolas em Guarapuava-PR. A analise foi realizada tendo como base uma serie historica e ininterrupta de dados climatologicos medios diarios para o periodo de vinte e quatro anos, a partir de 1984. Os dados utilizados foram temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, precipitacao pluvial, radiacao solar e velocidade do vento acumulado a 10 m de altura. Determinou-se a distribuicao media mensal das variaveis climaticas e o coeficiente de variacao especifico, o balanco hidrico climatologico pelo Metodo proposto por Thornthwaite e Mather e a evapotranspiracao de referencia (Eto) estimada pelo metodo de Penman-Monteith, modelo padrao FAO. Verificou-se que os meses de junho, julho e agosto sao os que apresentam os menores indices de precipitacao pluvial, estando no mes de agosto a maior probabilidade de ocorrencia de deficiencia hidrica para culturas de inverno. Verificou-se que o balanco hidrico medio nao apresenta a ocorrencia de periodos de deficiencia hidrica definidos. O mes de setembro marca periodo de inicio de reposicao hidrica, sendo os meses de outubro e dezembro os que apresentam as maiores laminas de precipitacao. Os riscos de deficiencia hidrica sao menores para cultivos de verao do que de inverno. Comparada a outros componentes a precipitacao pluvial apresenta os maiores indices historicos de variabilidade.