Silvia Helena Tavares Lorena

Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction in Premature Children

PURPOSE To determine the incidence of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) in premature and full-term children. METHODS Medical records of 200 premature and 200 full-term children from July 2004 to November 2009 at the Peri-Peri Health Center were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty-three nasolacrimal ducts in 32 premature children (21 patients were bilateral) and 9 nasolacrimal ducts in 7 full-term children (2 patients were bilateral) diagnosed as having CNLDO were retrospectively examined. RESULTS Of the 200 premature children, 32 (16%) had CNLDO compared with 7 (3.5%) of the 200 full-term infants (P < .0001). Thirty premature infants and five full-term children underwent conservative treatment. Bilateral obstruction was found in all 3 extremely premature children (gestational age < 28 weeks), in 9 (69.23%) moderately premature children (gestational age of 28 to 31 weeks), in 9 (56.25%) mildly premature children (gestational age of 32 to 36 weeks), and in 2 (28.57%) full-term children (gestational age > 37 weeks). CONCLUSIONS This study reported a higher incidence of CNLDO in preterm infants when compared to full-term infants. This might be expected in light of the normal development of the nasolacrimal duct system, the patency of which normally occurs after the preterm infant is born.

Síndrome de Down: epidemiologia e alterações oftalmológicas

PURPOSE: The research project goal is to determine the incidence of ophthalmologic changes in children with Down syndrome who were attended in Peri-Peri Health Center, from july 07, 2004 to october 14, 2009. METHODS: This is an observational retrospective study of 35 children medical records with Downs Syndrome who were attended in Peri-Peri Health Center.The patients were submitted to ophthalmologic exams including: ocular inspection; retinoscopy; biomicroscopy; indirect ophthalmoscopy; fluorescein disappearance test; observation test of fluorescein in the oropharynx. RESULTS: The children of this study were examined since 2 months of age. The ophthalmologic changes found in the 35 children with Down Syndrome was: oblique eyelid in 100%, epicanto in 70%, supernumerary vessels in the arcades in the retina exam in 100%, Brushfield spot in 48.57%, blefarity in 42.85%, congenital lacrimal obstruction in 25.71%, miopy in 14.28%, astigmatismy in 22.28%, esotropia in 11.42%, exotropia in 5.71%, nystagmus in 2.85%, ectropion in 5.71% and congenital cataract in 2.85%. CONCLUSION: This study found a lot of ophthalmologic diseases in children with Downs syndrome: blefarity, congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, etc. Therefore the follow-up of these children is very relevant.

Dacriocistite aguda: relato de 2 casos

The adult lacrimal obstruction can be congenital or acquired. In the case of the acquired form, the etiology classifies in not-specific (it involves the coating epithelium and/or the vascular plexus submucosae of the lacrimal duct) and specific (infections, inflammations, tumours and iatrogenies). The diagnosis is established by means of the anamnesis and clinical evaluation based on semiology of the lacrimal sack. The patients with lacrimal obstruction present epiphora, acute pains and swelling, mostly in the region of the lacrimal sack causing ectasye of various degrees whichn culminate with cutaneous fistulization. The image exams routinely proposed for dacryocysto-graphy, which represent a great help in showing the best surgical technique for dacryocystorhinostomy, will be indicated as soon as the acute inflammatory state is treated.

Síndrome de Fraser: relato de caso nas vias lacrimais

Fraser syndrome is a systemic condition characterized by cryptophthalmos, syndactyly and abnormal genitalia, which may be associated with urinary tract, ear, nose, larynx and skeletal abnormalities. Cryptophthalmos can be an isolated finding (that has been reported as an autosomal dominant trait) or associated with other congenital anomalies (reported as an autosomal recessive disorder). Child, female, nine month of life, evaluated in the lacrimal setor of Federal University of Sao Paulo. Child of consanguineous parents. Her physical examination showed total unilateral cryptophthalmos (left side), epiphora (right side) with mucopurulent discharge, depressed nasal bridge, low set ears, atresia of the external auditory canal, prominent labia majora and syndactyly of the fingers and toes. Ocular ultrasonography showed brachycephaly, absence of septu pellucidum prominence of the lateral ventricles, a major bone defect in the skull, the presence of thinning of the mantle tissue of the brain,a reduced anterior-posterior ocular diameter, anterior segment disorganization, absence of the lens and total retinal detachment in the left eye.

Obstrução da via lacrimal após radioiodoterapia: relato de caso e conduta

Iodotherapy represents the radioactive iodine therapy. The beta radiation emitted by radioactive iodine are particles that will be stored in the thyroid tissue destroying cancer cells that were left after surgery (thyroidectomy). It is important to emphasize a possible deleterious effect of therapy which affects the mucosa of the lacrimal system which results in a process of vascular inflammation and scarring producing disorders hypovascular, hypocellular and hypoxic.

Dacriocistocele congênita: relato de caso e conduta

A dacriocistocele representa uma rara anomalia congenita da regiao medial da orbita, causada pela obstrucao distal (ao nivel da valvula de Hasner) e proximal (ao nivel da valvula de Rosenmuller) da via lacrimal, com subsequente dilatacao do saco lacrimal. Recebe o nome de mucocele, quando seu conteudo representa muco, ou amniocele, quando o seu conteudo e preenchido por fluido amniotico. Acomete somente 0.1% das criancas, com obstrucao do ducto lacrimonasal, sendo comumente unilateral e mais frequente no sexo feminino e com predisposicao familiar. O diagnostico e realizado pelas caracteristicas clinicas: lesao cistica tensa, abaixo do tendao cantal medial, de coloracao azulacinzentada, rosea ou vermelha acompanhada por epifora desde o nascimento. No entanto podemos utilizar exames de imagem para diagnosticar esta anomalia congenita tais como: tomografia computadorizada, ressonância magnetica e ultrassonografia.

Dacriocistocele no adulto

A dacriocistocele representa um saco lacrimal dilatado e e frequentemente considerada como tendo uma etiologia congenita. No entanto, dacriocistocele e uma doenca rara em adultos. A caracteristica clinica se caracteriza por um abaulamento indolor na regiao medial da orbita, inferior ao ligamento cantal medial. O teste de excrecao lacrimal, endoscopia, tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnetica sao utilizados para fazer o diagnostico de dacriocistocele. Semelhante a pacientes pediatricos, marsupializacao endoscopica do cisto nasal e a colocacao de stent parece ser a terapeutica adequada. Em alguns casos o tratamento consiste na dacriocistorrinostomia externa

Laceração canicular: a utilização do bastão de Veirs modificado

The authors describe the stick utilization of Veirs modified as modelling intracanalicular facilitating canaliculo suture lachrymal and avoiding its estenose. The technique consists in the stick introduction of Veirs modified in the lumen canalicular by the lacrimal point, in direction to the lachrymal sack. To follow the distal terminations and near of canaliculo hurt are identified and the lateral and medial region of the mucosa canalicular are sutured mouth to mouth, with points separated of polivicryl 8.0, letting well the wound edges, around of the stick. The wound reconstruction is completed by plans. Mononylon thread 6.0 of the stick that is externalized by the lachrymal point will be fastened to the eyelid skin in right angle. The stick remains for 4 to 6 weeks in the canalicular lumen.

Canaliculite: relato de caso e conduta

The canaliculitis is a rare infection and chronicle lachrymal pathology, whose commoner etiology is Actinomyces israelli ( bacteria anaeroby positive gram). This pathology does not present cure espontany The diagnosis differential with is done: Recurring chronic conjunctivitis, blefarity and hordeoly. The definitive treatment is the surgical (canaliculotomy)), being accomplished under location anesthetizes.

Estudo retrospectivo da obstrução congênita do ducto lácrimonasal

PURPOSE: The goal of this research is to relate the results of congenital lacrimonasal duct obstruction treatment and epidemic aspects in children. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 21 children with congenital lacrimonasal duct obstruction attended in the period of 9 months approximately (april 2009 to january 2010). The children were evaluated regarding the sex, age, and side of obstruction (right, left or bilateral). RESULTS: Nine of the children were female and 12 were male (42.85% versus 57.14%. Therefore there was no significant statistically difference related to gender. The obstruction occurred bilaterally in 38% of the cases, on the right in 28,57% and on the left in 33,33%. Seven children were operated on for the first time before 1 and a half year old (1st Group) with a 100% of success. In 10 children the surgery were performed between 2 an 3 years old (2nd Group) with 80% of success and on the 3rd group there was 3 children (above 3 and till 7 years old) that were treated surgically with 100% of unsuccess. CONCLUSION: The congenital lacrimonasal duct obstruction were not related to the gender of the children. The treatment were very succefull during the 1st year of age.