Silvio Bueno Pereira

Chuvas intensas no Estado da Bahia

Series historicas de precipitacao pluvial de 19 estacoes pluviograficas localizadas no Estado da Bahia e operadas pela Agencia Nacional de Energia Eletrica (ANEEL), foram analisadas, objetivando-se ajustar modelos teoricos de distribuicao de probabilidade aos dados de chuvas intensas e estabelecer a relacao entre intensidade, duracao e frequencia da precipitacao pluvial. Para cada estacao pluviografica determinaram-se as series de intensidade maxima anual das precipitacoes com duracoes de 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360, 720 e 1.440 min. Os modelos probabilisticos testados foram os de Gumbel, Log-Normal a dois e tres parâmetros, Pearson e Log-Pearson III. As equacoes de intensidade-duracao-frequencia da precipitacao pluvial foram ajustadas utilizando-se o metodo de regressao nao-linear de Gauss-Newton. O teste de aderencia de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, utilizado para a verificacao do ajuste dos modelos aos dados de chuvas intensas, evidenciou que o modelo de Gumbel foi o que melhor se ajustou para a maior parte das combinacoes entre estacoes pluviograficas e duracoes estudadas. Foram evidenciadas, para uma mesma duracao, grandes variacoes nas intensidades de precipitacao entre as estacoes estudadas.

Estudo do comportamento hidrológico do Rio São Francisco e seus principais afluentes

The Sao Francisco Basin has 36 major tributaries, of which 19 are perennial. The areas of drainage of these tributaries, except for the Raverde Livarde, are located in the area of the basin not included in the drought region, representing 50% of the total area of the basin. In this study the hydrological behavior of the Sao Francisco River and its main tributaries was analyzed in relation to the annual data of mean precipitation, mean specific flow and outflow coefficient. The obtained results lead the following conclusions: the studied hydrological variables presented mean values in the second period superior to those of the first one; the studied tributaries that represent 46.3% of the basin area contribute 81% of its flow for the period without the influence of the reservoir accumulation; the sub-basins that present the largest contributions for the formation of the flow of Sao Francisco River are the ones of the Rivers Paracatu, Grande and Velhas.

Characterization of water availability in a hydrographic basin

The quantitative knowledge of hydrological parameters (rainfall and flow) and their spatial and temporal variability on the regions or basins should be understood as essential to the efficient planning and management of water resources. Because the Ivinhema Basin, located in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, represents an important inductor on the region agricultural development, characterized as a major producer of grains and meat, it was used to characterize the hydrological study. Knowing the rainfall, flow and drainage area of each of the studied affluent, it was calculated the proportion of contribution of the affluent. To that end, it was proposed the concepts of potential and real contributions, aiming to identify the proportion of contribution of each of the affluent to the formation of the flow in the Ivinhema Basin. The results revealed that: the highest rainfall in the Ivinhema Basin occurred in the headwater regions; the mean specific flow of long duration reduces from the headwater to the mouth of Ivinhema Basin; the Sub-basin of Dorados River has the highest potential and real contribution for the formation of the Ivinhema Basin flow; and the drainage areas of the affluent Dourados and Vacaria contribute with 53% flow of the basin.

Espacialização da precipitação e erosividade na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Dourados - MS

The distribution of rainfall in a watershed bay during the year is one of the determining factors to quantify the need for irrigation of crops and domestic and industrial water supply, beyond studies to control flooding and soil erosion. The rain potency to cause erosion can be assessed by indices that are based on physical rainfall characteristics in each region, which erosion is an index. In this study it was analyzed the yearly and monthly indices of rainfall and erosion spacialization in Dourados Watershed Bay. According with the results it was possible to conclude: the rainfall presented a unimodal oscillation, the rainy season ranged from October to March, every month of the rainy season showed a dramatic reductions in the average rainfall, the yearly erosion ranged from 3.192,0 to 4.977,0 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 year-1, and the highest risks of soil loss by water erosion was in the months of December and January.

Net evaporation in Sobradinho dam and impacts on runoff due to the construction of the reservoir.

Losses of water by evaporation in regulatory reservoirs are one of the problems that exist in water resources management, the reliable estimates of evaporation in the reservoirs becoming essential not only in the planning and administration of the water resources but also in studies of environmental impact. The objective of this paper was to estimate the net evaporation in the Sobradinho dam through the Class A tank methodology and the Linacre (1993), Kohler et al. (1955) and CRLE models, as well as to verify the impacts on the flow conditions due to the construction of the reservoir. The results showed that: the construction of the Sobradinho reservoir, associated to the other activities developed in the basin, caused a reduction of the average flow of 163 m3 s-1; the values obtained by the Kohler et al. (1955) model can be used as a reference base to estimate the annual average evaporation in the Sobradinho dam; the coefficient of Class A tank that represented better the seasonal variation of evaporation in the Sobradinho dam was 0.57 and the annual average flow corresponding to net evaporation of Sobradinho reservoir was 132 m3 s-1.

Use of PVC pipes to determine bulk density for irrigation management

Irrigation has a great importance in the production of food, and it is responsible for consuming a large part of the water used by human activities. This makes the rational management of water use fundamental for sustainable food production. For this purpose, the determination of bulk density is important and needs to be obtained with the simplest, least onerous methods possible, while maintaining precision and accuracy. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the use of PVC pipes of different dimensions to determine bulk density. For comparison purposes, the volumetric ring, paraffin clod, beaker and excavation methods were also used. Deformed and undisturbed soil samples of different granulometries were collected at the depths of 0.025-0.075, 0.050-0.100, 0.075-0.125 and 0.100-0.150 m. The PVC pipes had diameters of 0.040, 0.050, 0.060 and 0.075 m and heights of 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 m. The bulk density results for each PVC pipe dimension were compared with those of the traditional methods by the unpaired t-test at 5% significance. For soils with a clayey or very clayey texture, the 0.040 m diameter and 0.15 m high PVC pipe presented the best results, with values closer to those of the standard method. For soils with a medium and sandy texture, the best results were found when a PVC pipe with a diameter of 0.060 m and a height of 0.15 m was used.

Water needs and equivalence relations for different irrigated crops in the São Francisco basin

The present work was performed by applying the principal component analysis, in order to compare the water needs of banana, mango, grape, sugarcane, maize and beans crops in different regions of the Sao Francisco river basin, aiming to identify the climate elements that most influence the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) in the locations of Pirapora-MG, Jaiba-MG, Barreiras-BA and Petrolina-PE. In addition, the locations with more similarities, according to the evaluated parameters, were verified by applying cluster analysis, and the equivalence relations between the studied crops were determined by integrating the parameters related to the climatic elements and the characteristics of crops and soils. Based on the principal components analysis, it was observed that the most significant climate elements for ET0 estimation were different for each place. The model with two components explained 90%, 88%, 95% and 97% of the total variance, respectively for the locations of Pirapora, Jaiba, Barreiras and Petrolina. Because it is in a semi-arid climate region, Petrolina showed high crop water needs, a behavior proven with the cluster analysis. The equivalence relations allowed comparing the water needs for the studied crops, providing, in general terms, a parameter comparison between the crops, and specifying which one will be more adequate depending on the water availability in the Sao Francisco basin.

CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DO PINHÃO-MANSO SUBMETIDO A DIFERENTES REGIMES HÍDRICOS EM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO DISTRÓFICO

The objective of this work was to evaluate different water regimes on initial growth and some physiological variables of physic nut ( Jatropha curcas L.) in dystrophic Haplustox. The experiment was carried under greenhouse conditions of the Embrapa Western Agriculture, located in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Treatments corresponded to water regimes of 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100% of the soil water retention capacity. The experimental design adopted was completely randomized with five treatments and five replicates. The evaluations of plants height, stem diameter and number of leaves were performed in six dates, while the variables stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate were determined in two dates. At the end of experiment were evaluated the leaf area, dry mass of the leaves, petioles, stems and roots of all plants of physic nut. The water regimes of 60% and 80% of the soil water retention capacity provide the best responses to the physiological variables and of growth in the initial phase of physic nut. Available water contents in a dystrophic Haplustox, below of 60% and superiors the 80% of the soil water retention capacity induce signs of water stress in young plants of physic nut.

AJUSTE DE METODOLOGIA E DETERMINAÇÃO DAS EQUAÇÕES DE INTENSIDADE, DURAÇÃO E FREQUÊNCIA DA PRECIPITAÇÃO PLUVIAL MÁXIMA PARA O ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL

Due to the lack of information concerning maximum rainfall equations for most locations in Mato Grosso do Sul State, the alternative for carrying out hydraulic work projects has been information from meteorological stations closest to the location in which the project is carried out. Alternative methods, such as 24 hours rain disaggregation method from rainfall data due to greater availability of stations and longer observations can work. Based on this approach, the objective of this study was to estimate maximum rainfall equations for Mato Grosso do Sul State by adjusting the 24 hours rain disaggregation method, depending on data obtained from rain gauge stations from Dourado and Campo Grande. For this purpose, data consisting of 105 rainfall stations were used, which are available in the ANA (Water Resources Management National Agency) database. Based on the results we concluded: the intense rainfall equations obtained by pluviogram analysis showed determination coefficient above 99%; and the performance of 24 hours rain disaggregation method was classified as excellent, based on relative average error WILMOTT concordance index (1982).