Simarpreet Kaur

Power Saving MAC Protocols for WSNs and Optimization of S-MAC Protocol

Low power MAC protocols have received a lot of consideration in the last few years because of their influence on the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. Since, sensors typically operate on batteries, replacement of which is often difficult. A lot of work has been done to minimize the energy expenditure and prolong the sensor lifetime through energy efficient designs, across layers. Meanwhile, the sensor network should be able to maintain a certain throughput in order to fulfill the QoS requirements of the end user, and to ensure the constancy of the network. This paper introduces different types of MAC protocols used for WSNs and proposes S-MAC, a Medium-Access Control protocol designed for Wireless Sensor Networks. S-MAC uses a few innovative techniques to reduce energy consumption and support self-configuration. A new protocol is suggested to improve the energy efficiency, latency and throughput of existing MAC protocol for WSNs. A modification of the protocol is then proposed to eliminate the need for some nodes to stay awake longer than the other nodes which improves the energy efficiency, latency and throughput and hence increases the life span of a wireless sensor network.

Powering of wireless sensor nodes battery using Single Energy Multi Data (SEMD) transmission mode by Radio Frequency energy

The main problem in Wireless Communication Networks in the field nodes is that the battery resources are constrained. In multi-hop network, if one of the nodes is switched off due to low battery power, the network is disconnected and the field information could be lost. While energy efficiency of communication protocols tries to ensure extended network lifetime, but battery drainage problem still remains. In many applications, it is very difficult or infeasible to replace the exhausted batteries. Recharging the nodes without shutting down the network is very important for uninterrupted operation of the network and also to keep the network maintenance cost to a minimum. One solution is energy harvesting. There have been proposals on tapping the non-network ambient energy sources. Recharging from RF sources is being investigated by other researchers, which proposes to use very high power external source which involves a significant waste of RF energy. We propose to use the RF energy that is already available in the network. Our approach does not depend on any specific external energy sources. In this work, we explore the means of imparting energy to the field nodes by exploiting network topology and communication protocols. Our aim is to achieve a condition that allows equal distribution of energy among all nodes. To achieve this, we propose a multi hop charging. We test the one-dimensional as well as two-dimensional topologies, antenna radiation patterns, and coordination among nodes in receiving and radiating energy, to achieve the best possible equitable energy distribution.