Simone dos Santos Paludo

Psicologia Positiva: uma nova abordagem para antigas questões

Abstract: Throughout history , Psychology studies were focused on pathologies, neglecting issuesrelated to human healthy state. In 1998, when Seligman assumed the head of AmericanPsychological Association, he started the Positive Psychology movement, which objective is tooffer a new approach to human strengthens and virtues, by studying the conditions and processesthat contribute to the prosperity of individuals and communities. The present paper presents anddiscusses this new scientific approach that intends to promote the quality of life at individual andcommunity levels, preventing pathologies. We also point out its gaps in Human Sciences-directedinvestigations, as well as its theoretical and empirical contributions and applications.Keywords: Positive psychology . Human potentiality . History of psychological investigation. Psicologia Positiva: un nuevo acercamiento para antiguas cuestiones Resumen: Historicamente, la Psicologia se preocupo por investigar patologias, descuidandosede los aspectos saludables de los seres humanos. Pero, desde 1998, Cuando Seligman, asumio lapresidencia de la American Psychological Association, se inicio el movimiento denominadoPsicologia Positiva, cuyo objetivo fue dar una nueva mirada a las potencialidades y virtudes huma-nas, estudiando las condiciones y los procesos que contribuyen para la prosperidad de los individuosy comunidades. Este articulo presenta y discute esta nueva propuesta cientifica, que prometemejorar la calidad de vida de los individuos y prevenir patologias; asi como indicar las lagunasproducidas en las investigaciones de las Ciencias Humanas, sus contribuciones teoricas, empiricasy posibles aplicaciones.Palabras clave: Psicologia positiva. Potencialidades humanas. Historia de la investigacionpsicologica.Historicamente, la Psicologia se preocupo por investigar patologias, descuidandose de los aspectos saludables de los seres humanos. Pero, desde 1998, Cuando Seligman, asumio la presidencia de la American Psychological Association, se inicio el movimiento denominado Psicologia Positiva, cuyo objetivo fue dar una nueva mirada a las potencialidades y virtudes humanas, estudiando las condiciones y los procesos que contribuyen para la prosperidad de los individuos y comunidades. Este articulo presenta y discute esta nueva propuesta cientifica, que promete mejorar la calidad de vida de los individuos y prevenir patologias; asi como indicar las lagunas producidas en las investigaciones de las Ciencias Humanas, sus contribuciones teoricas, empiricas y posibles aplicaciones.

Gravidez na adolescência: análise contextual de risco e proteção

Early pregnancy has been widely understood as a risk factor, moreover, in some cases, it has been considering as a protective factor. Thus, more studies among this population should be done, looking for the variables involving such question. This exploratory-descriptive study had as aim to identify the existent differences among a group of adolescents that lived the pregnancy experience. Participants were 1015 low SES young people from Porto Alegre, aged between 14-24, males and females. A questionnaire with 109 questions was used asking about major domains of life: drug use, sexuality, religiosity, school. There were more females 52.3% than males 47.7% in the sample. Most of the participants already had their first sexual intercourse, 53.5%, most of them males (64.6%). The average for first sexual intercourse was lower for males (M=13.64; dp=1.7) than females (M=14.79; dp=1.4). Results indicate an expected rate of pregnancy and abortion for low SES young. We stress the low age for first sexual intercourse and the fact that ¼ of our sample has an irregular contraceptive method. We discuss about contraceptive method and abortion linked to the adolescents health.Early pregnancy has been widely understood as a risk factor, moreover, in some cases, it has been considering as a protective factor. Thus, more studies among this population should be done, looking for the variables involving such question. This exploratory-descriptive study had as aim to identify the existent differences among a group of adolescents that lived the pregnancy experience. Participants were 1015 low SES young people from Porto Alegre, aged between 14-24, males and females. A questionnaire with 109 questions was used asking about major domains of life: drug use, sexuality, religiosity, school. There were more females 52.3% than males 47.7% in the sample. Most of the participants already had their first sexual intercourse, 53.5%, most of them males (64.6%). The average for first sexual intercourse was lower for males ( M=13.64; dp= 1.7) than females ( M=14.79; dp= 1.4). Results indicate an expected rate of pregnancy and abortion for low SES young. We stress the low age for first sexual intercourse and the fact that ¼ of our sample has an irregular contraceptive method. We discuss about contraceptive method and abortion linked to the adolescents health.

Resiliência na rua: um estudo de caso

Resilience can be understood as a dynamic process involving positive adaptation in a significant adversity. However, when it focus on adolescents that live in street context, resilience seems unattainable. That article intends to present and to discuss possibilities and adversities in their lives. It is a case study that describes the process of resilience in street situation. An adolescent in street situation, 14 years of age, female participated in it. The risk and protection factors were analyzed in the different levels proposed by the ecological approach: person, process, context and time. Risks permeate their entire live, but individual characteristics and support are main protection factors and they can colaborate with resilience process.

Toda criança tem família: criança em situação de rua também

The study aims to describe the family characteristics of street situation youths from the perception of these youngsters. Individual and qualitative semi-structured interviews with seventeen youths, aged between 11 and 16 years (M=14,05; DP=1,24), of both sexes, were conducted. It was an opportunity for understanding the dynamic interplay of risk factors that move youngsters to street life. First, the fact of being on the street does not imply the absence of a family. Children and adolescents enrolled in the study had ties with their families, even when they perceive it as a very fragile one. Only five participants would go back home every day. The participants described a variety of family configurations. Remarriage was pointed out by 41% and 35% mentioned a monoparental family configuration, led by a woman. Women who take care of the household are of great importance in this populations family structure. In contrast, 58% did not know who their fathers are. The number of siblings varied between one and 12 (M=5,69; DP=3,07). The majority of parents were unemployed or involved in informal labor. In order to supplement the family income many children start to work on the streets. Violence, poverty, adversity, associated with social, affective, and economical problems seems to play an important and dynamic role in shaping families characteristics of street youths. It is necessary to offer opportunities to promote resilience for these families. Women had an essential role in family care, and may be a powerful link for development.

Early pregnancy: a contextual analysis about risk and protection

Early pregnancy has been widely understood as a risk factor, moreover, in some cases, it has been considering as a protective factor. Thus, more studies among this population should be done, looking for the variables involving such question. This exploratory-descriptive study had as aim to identify the existent differences among a group of adolescents that lived the pregnancy experience. Participants were 1015 low SES young people from Porto Alegre, aged between 14-24, males and females. A questionnaire with 109 questions was used asking about major domains of life: drug use, sexuality, religiosity, school. There were more females 52.3% than males 47.7% in the sample. Most of the participants already had their first sexual intercourse, 53.5%, most of them males (64.6%). The average for first sexual intercourse was lower for males (M=13.64; dp=1.7) than females (M=14.79; dp=1.4). Results indicate an expected rate of pregnancy and abortion for low SES young. We stress the low age for first sexual intercourse and the fact that ¼ of our sample has an irregular contraceptive method. We discuss about contraceptive method and abortion linked to the adolescents health.Early pregnancy has been widely understood as a risk factor, moreover, in some cases, it has been considering as a protective factor. Thus, more studies among this population should be done, looking for the variables involving such question. This exploratory-descriptive study had as aim to identify the existent differences among a group of adolescents that lived the pregnancy experience. Participants were 1015 low SES young people from Porto Alegre, aged between 14-24, males and females. A questionnaire with 109 questions was used asking about major domains of life: drug use, sexuality, religiosity, school. There were more females 52.3% than males 47.7% in the sample. Most of the participants already had their first sexual intercourse, 53.5%, most of them males (64.6%). The average for first sexual intercourse was lower for males ( M=13.64; dp= 1.7) than females ( M=14.79; dp= 1.4). Results indicate an expected rate of pregnancy and abortion for low SES young. We stress the low age for first sexual intercourse and the fact that ¼ of our sample has an irregular contraceptive method. We discuss about contraceptive method and abortion linked to the adolescents health.

Um estudo sobre os fatores de risco e proteção associados à violência sexual cometida contra adolescentes e jovens adultos

A study on the risk and protective factors associated with sexual violence against adolescents and youth. The aim of the study was to identify the risk and protection factors associated with sexual violence against Brazilian adolescents and emerging adults for both familiar and community contexts. The study counts with 7316 participants between the ages of 14-24 years old (M = 16.19; SD = 1.82) and 3974 were females from the data set “Brazilian Youth”. From the whole sample 6.6% of the participants have suffered sexual violence within family and 6.0% within the community. Familiar support appears as a protective factor for sexual violence in family and in the community as well. Being a female and consume alcohol were the risk factors for both contexts. Besides, having a relative arrested, witnessed violence and alcoholism in family were the risk factors for sexual violence among the family, while starvation experiences, being victim of violence in community and involvement in drug trafficking were the risk factors for sexual violence in the community.

Positive Psychology: a new approach to old questions

Abstract: Throughout history , Psychology studies were focused on pathologies, neglecting issuesrelated to human healthy state. In 1998, when Seligman assumed the head of AmericanPsychological Association, he started the Positive Psychology movement, which objective is tooffer a new approach to human strengthens and virtues, by studying the conditions and processesthat contribute to the prosperity of individuals and communities. The present paper presents anddiscusses this new scientific approach that intends to promote the quality of life at individual andcommunity levels, preventing pathologies. We also point out its gaps in Human Sciences-directedinvestigations, as well as its theoretical and empirical contributions and applications.Keywords: Positive psychology . Human potentiality . History of psychological investigation. Psicologia Positiva: un nuevo acercamiento para antiguas cuestiones Resumen: Historicamente, la Psicologia se preocupo por investigar patologias, descuidandosede los aspectos saludables de los seres humanos. Pero, desde 1998, Cuando Seligman, asumio lapresidencia de la American Psychological Association, se inicio el movimiento denominadoPsicologia Positiva, cuyo objetivo fue dar una nueva mirada a las potencialidades y virtudes huma-nas, estudiando las condiciones y los procesos que contribuyen para la prosperidad de los individuosy comunidades. Este articulo presenta y discute esta nueva propuesta cientifica, que prometemejorar la calidad de vida de los individuos y prevenir patologias; asi como indicar las lagunasproducidas en las investigaciones de las Ciencias Humanas, sus contribuciones teoricas, empiricasy posibles aplicaciones.Palabras clave: Psicologia positiva. Potencialidades humanas. Historia de la investigacionpsicologica.Historicamente, la Psicologia se preocupo por investigar patologias, descuidandose de los aspectos saludables de los seres humanos. Pero, desde 1998, Cuando Seligman, asumio la presidencia de la American Psychological Association, se inicio el movimiento denominado Psicologia Positiva, cuyo objetivo fue dar una nueva mirada a las potencialidades y virtudes humanas, estudiando las condiciones y los procesos que contribuyen para la prosperidad de los individuos y comunidades. Este articulo presenta y discute esta nueva propuesta cientifica, que promete mejorar la calidad de vida de los individuos y prevenir patologias; asi como indicar las lagunas producidas en las investigaciones de las Ciencias Humanas, sus contribuciones teoricas, empiricas y posibles aplicaciones.

Experiência de gravidez e aborto em crianças, adolescentes e jovens em situação de rua

The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of pregnancy and abortion experience, along with associated factors among street children, adolescents and youths in Porto Alegre and Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. The sampling method in this cross-sectional study was Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS), innovative in research about hidden populations. Interviews were conducted with 307 subjects, aged 10 to 21 years. In multivariate analysis, Poisson regression with a robust error variance was used. Most of this sample were males, with no contact with school and family. Almost half of the participants had been on the street for five years or more, spending more than 15 hours per day on the streets. The prevalence of pregnancy experience was 29.3%, independently associated with being a girl, having 10 sexual partners or more in the last year, having a fixed sexual partner in the last year, and being older. The prevalence of abortion experience was 10.4%, independently associated with not living with the family, having more than two pregnancies, and being younger. The high prevalence of pregnancy and abortion experience highlights the need for the development of better sexual and reproductive health policies focused on this population.The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of pregnancy and abortion experience, along with associated factors among street children, adolescents and youths in Porto Alegre and Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. The sampling method in this cross-sectional study was Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS), innovative in research about hidden populations. Interviews were conducted with 307 subjects, aged 10 to 21 years. In multivariate analysis, Poisson regression with a robust error variance was used. Most of this sample were males, with no contact with school and family. Almost half of the participants had been on the street for five years or more, spending more than 15 hours per day on the streets. The prevalence of pregnancy experience was 29.3%, independently associated with being a girl, having 10 sexual partners or more in the last year, having a fixed sexual partner in the last year, and being older. The prevalence of abortion experience was 10.4%, independently associated with not living with the family, having more than two pregnancies, and being younger. The high prevalence of pregnancy and abortion experience highlights the need for the development of better sexual and reproductive health policies focused on this population.

Uso de preservativos na última relação sexual entre universitários: quantos usam e quem são?

A cross-sectional study was conducted to measure the prevalence of condom use in the last sexual intercourse and associated factors among university students. Undergraduate students from a public university aged 18 and over of the Rio Grande (RS) campuses were eligible. A systematic single-stage sampling was used, based on class lists and self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariable analyses were employed, with Poisson regression for the latter two. Most of the 1,215 university students included in the analysis were aged 20 to 29 (65.6%) and 69.3% began their sexual life before the age of 18. The prevalence of condom use in the last intercourse was 41.5% (95%CI: 38.7-44.3). Male gender, lower age group, condom use at first sexual intercourse, older age of onset of sexual activity, not having a partner and casual partner in the last sexual intercourse increased the likelihood of condom use.

Caindo na real: relato de uma experiência de psicoeducação no tratamento da dependência química

This article aims to describe the implementation of a proposal entitled “Getting Real/Caindona Real” within a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs problems (CAPS-Ad) for users and their families. The treatment on chemical dependence presents a great number of challenges with high dropout rates and difficulties for adhesion, thus psycho education can be an important tool since it provides understanding of the nature, the treatment and the aspects related to the use, abuse and dependence on psychoactive substances. It was conducted 128 consultations in the experiment, 112 with users and 16 with family members. Among the participants, 75% (n=96), qualitatively evaluated the intervention, 98% (n=94) categorized positively and 2% (n=2) negatively. Among the participating users (n=38) it was had a very satisfactory adhesion, since 34% (n=13) of these attended more than 32% of the course and 26% (n=10) reached an adhesion higher than 55% of the course. Other products were also generated, such as certificates and handouts. Through