Sinan Ay

Prevalence of commonly found pathoses associated with mandibular impacted third molars based on panoramic radiographs in Turkish population

OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine the association between commonly found pathologic conditions and angulations and impaction depths of lower third molar teeth. STUDY DESIGN In this retrospective study 1,914 panoramic radiographs with 3,050 impacted lower third molars (ILTMs) were examined. RESULTS The problems and the prevalence evaluated were caries on mandibular second molar (12.6%), caries on ILTM (5.3%), bone loss at the distal aspect of ILTM (9.7%), and periodontal tissue damage on adjacent tooth (8.9%). A total of 26.5% of all the cases were affected by any one of the 4 pathologic changes. It was determined that horizontal and mesioangular ILTMs had high risk of caries development on second or third molar; in contrast, vertical and distoangular ILTMs had low risk. Distoangular and vertical ILTMs had high risk of development of bone loss at the distal aspect. Mesioangular and horizontal ILTMs had a high risk for periodontal tissue damage on an adjacent tooth. When evaluating impaction depth of the ILTM, class A had a higher risk of pathology than class B or C. CONCLUSIONS Horizontal and mesioangular impactions were found with more pathologic situations; especially in class A impaction depth. Angulation and impaction depth of the ILTM should be taken into consideration when making a decision whether to extract an ILTM or not.

Preventive effects of thymoquinone in a rat periodontitis model: a morphometric and histopathological study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Thymoquinone has a variety of pharmacologic properties, including antihistaminic, antibacterial, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. Through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, thymoquinone may play an important role in preventing periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of thymoquinone in preventing the initiation and progression of periodontitis in a rat periodontitis model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups: a nonligated (NL) treatment group (n = 8), a ligature-only (LO) treatment group (n = 8) and a ligature plus thymoquinone (10 mg/kg, daily for 11 d) (TQ) treatment group. In order to induce experimental periodontitis, a 4/0 silk suture was placed at the gingival margin of the right-mandibular first molars of the rats. Thymoquinone was administered by gastric feeding until the animals were killed on day 11. Changes in the alveolar bone levels of rats in each group were measured clinically, and tissues of rats in each group were examined histopathologically to determine inflammatory cell infiltration (ICI), osteoblast and osteoclast activities, and osteoclast morphology. RESULTS Alveolar bone loss around the mandibular molar tooth was significantly higher in the LO group compared with NL and TQ groups (p < 0.05). The ratio of the presence of ICI and osteoclast numbers was significantly higher in the LO group than in the NL and TQ groups (p < 0.05). Osteoblastic activity was significantly lower in the LO group than in the NL and TQ groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The present study showed that the oral administration of thymoquinone diminishes alveolar bone resorption in a rat periodontitis model.

Thymoquinone accelerates new bone formation in the rapid maxillary expansion procedure

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of systemic thymoquinone (TQ) in a rat rapid maxillary expansion (RME) study. DESIGN Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 equal groups: only-expansion (OE), expansion plus TQ (TQ1 group, TQ given to the rats during their nursery phase and during the expansion and retention period), expansion plus TQ (TQ2 group, TQ given to the rats only during the retention period), and control group (no procedure done). Expansion appliances were placed on the maxillary incisors of all animals for 5days. The appliance was deactivated during the 12day retention period. The rats were sacrificed at the end of the retention period. Histomorphometric evaluation was carried out in order to compare the number of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and capillaries, as well as the intensities of inflammatory cells, and new bone formation amongst the groups. RESULTS New bone formation, number of capillaries and the ratio of intensities of inflammatory cells in maxillary sutures was higher in the TQ groups than in the other groups. Statistical analysis also demonstrated that osteoblast and osteoclast numbers were also highest in the TQ1 group. CONCLUSION Histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that systemic use of thymoquinone may be effective in accelerating new bone formation in the RME procedure and that TQ may be beneficial in preventing relapse following the RME procedure.

Effects of boric acid on experimental periodontitis and alveolar bone loss in rats

OBJECTIVE The goal of the present study was to evaluate the histopathologic and morphometric effects of systemic boric acid in a rat periodontitis model. DESIGN Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into three groups of eight animals each: non-ligated (NL), ligature only (LO), and ligature and treated with boric acid (BA) (3mg/kg per day for 11 days). A 4/0 silk suture was placed in a subgingival position around the mandibular first molars; after 11 days the rats were sacrificed, and changes in alveolar bone levels were measured clinically and tissues were histopathologically examined to assess the differences amongst the study groups. RESULTS The ratio of presence of inflammatory cell infiltration (ICI) and osteoclast number in the LO group was significantly higher than that of the NL and BA groups (p<0.05). The ratio of presence of osteoblastic activity in the LO group was significantly lower than that of the NL and BA groups (p<0.05). Alveolar bone loss was also significantly higher in the LO group compared to the BA and NL groups (p<005). CONCLUSIONS This study has demonstrated that systemic administration of boric acid reduced periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss in periodontal disease in rats.

Comparison of local and systemic alendronate on distraction osteogenesis

This study compared the effect of systemic and local administration of alendronate on distraction osteogenesis in rabbit mandibles. Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were allocated to 3 groups: 10 rabbits for systemic alendronate; 9 for local alendronate; and 11 as controls. After a 5 day latency period, distraction was performed at a rate of 0.8mm/day for 9 days via a custom-made distractor. Animals were killed at the end of the consolidation period of 28 days. The distracted mandibles were harvested and evaluated by plain radiography, computed tomography (CT), dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and histomorphometry. Histologically, comparing the systemic and local alendronate groups, there were no statistically significant differences in the bone healing parameters, but each group showed a statistically superior effect over the control group (p<0.05). Quantitative CT evaluation showed a significant difference mean in the density of the regeneration between experimental and control groups. There was a significant increase in mean bone mineral density in the experimental groups compared with the control group. Histologic, CT, and DEXA analysis demonstrated that using systemic and local alendronate may be effective in accelerating new bone formation in the distraction gap in rabbit mandibles.

Dental findings in Cornelia de Lange syndrome.

Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a congenital disease, basically characterized by psychomotor retardation associated with a series of malformations, including mainly skeletal, craniofacial deformities together with gastrointestinal and cardiac malformations. There is no definitive biochemical or chromosomal marker for the prenatal diagnosis of this syndrome. We actually want to present the case of a 10-year-old patient, who was admitted to our clinic for dental pain. The patient had the symptoms of Cornelia de Lange syndrome. During the oral examination of this patient, the patient was found to have the typical symptoms of Cornelia de Lange syndrome, such as micrognathia and delayed eruption in conjunction with the symptoms of the Hutchinsons syndrome, which had never been reported before.

Distribution and Absorption of Local Anesthetics in Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block: Evaluation by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution and absorption of local anesthetic solutions in inferior alveolar nerve block using magnetic resonance imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty healthy volunteers were divided into 4 groups and injected with 1.5 mL for inferior alveolar nerve block and 0.3 mL for lingual nerve block. The solutions used for the different groups were 2% lidocaine, 2% lidocaine with 0.125 mg/mL epinephrine, 4% articaine with 0.006 mg/mL epinephrine, and 4% articaine with 0.012 mg/mL epinephrine. All subjects had axial T2-weighted and fat-suppressed images at 0, 60, and 120 minutes after injection. The localization, area, and intensity (signal characteristics) of the solutions were analyzed and onset and duration times of the anesthesia were recorded. RESULTS There were no significant differences between groups with regard to the intensity and area of the solutions at 0, 60, and 120 minutes after injection, but differences were found within each group. CONCLUSIONS No between-group differences were found on magnetic resonance imaging in the distribution and absorption of lidocaine with or without epinephrine and articaine with 0.006 and 0.012 mg/mL epinephrine. All solutions were noticeably absorbed at 120 minutes after injection.

Mandibular mucormycosis in immunocompromised patients: report of 2 cases and review of the literature.

Mucormycosis, also known as zygomycosis, is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by a series of fungi in the Mucorales family in people with immune disorders. It is harmless to a healthy person, but when it has invaded the internal organs, it is frequently fatal in immunocompromised patients. It is known for having a very poor prognosis; however, with aggressive medical and surgical management, survival rates are currently thought to exceed 80%. It has 7 predominant clinical forms: rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, central nervous system, disseminated, and, rarely, miscellaneous (ie, bone, kidney, cardiac, mediastinum, oral). Although oral involvement of this condition has been reported relatively frequently in the literature, mandibular involvement is a rarer condition than oral involvement. The purpose of this article is to report the treatment of isolated cases of mandibular mucormycosis and a review of the literature.

Evaluation of genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of boron by the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) on Drosophila

Abstract Objective: In this study, different concentrations of boron have been evaluated for genotoxic and antigenotoxic properties by using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) on Drosophila melanogaster. Study Design: The treatment concentrations were chosen to a pretest. Third-instar larvae trans-heterozygous for two genetic markers, multiple wing hair (mwh) and flare (flr3), were treated at different concentrations (0.1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/mL) of boron. In addition to investigating antigenotoxic effects, the same boron concentrations were co-administered with 0.1 mM Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS). Distilled water was used as a negative control; 0.1 mM of EMS was used as a positive control. For the chronic feeding study, small plastic vials were prepared with 1.5 g of dry Drosophila Instant Medium and 5 mL of the respective test solution. Hundreds of trans-heterozygous larvae were embedded into this medium. Feeding ended with pupation of the surviving larvae. After metamorphosis, all surviving flies were collected and stored in a 70% ethanol solution. Preparation and microscopic analyses of wing were made after the treatment. Then the observed mutations were classified according to size and type of mutation per wing. Results: Results indicated that there is no significant genotoxic effect with all of the boron concentrations. In addition, the antigenotoxic activities of boron against EMS were tested. Results indicated that all boron concentrations (0.1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/mL) were able to abolish the genotoxic effects induced by the EMS. Conclusion: It is suggested that the observed effects can be linked to the antioxidant properties of boron. Moreover, these in vivo results will contribute to the antigenotoxicity database of boron.

Clinicopathological study of jaw cysts in southeast region of Turkey.

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze clinic and radiologic features and the prevalence of jaw cysts in southeast region of Turkey. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in 149 cysts of the jaw diagnosed among 407 individuals who were taken biopsy in our department from October 2008 to December 2012. All cysts were treated by enucleation, marsupialization, or combination, and all cases were histologically examined. Results: One-hundred-and-forty-eight cases were classified odontogenic, one was non-odontogenic. There were 89 cysts (59.7%) in men, 60 (40.3%) in women. The mean age was 32.72 years. We found 80 cysts (35 F, 45 M) in the maxillary and 69 (28 F, 41 M) in mandible. It is observed that 94 were radicular cysts (63%), 40 were dentigerous cysts (26.9%), 9 were odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) (6.1%), 5 were residual radicular cysts (3.4%), and 1 was nasopalatine cyst (0.6%). In radicular cysts, 56 of them (59.5%) were located in the anterior region of the jaws; 18 dentigerous cysts and 2 OKCs were found in the posterior region of mandible. Clinically, the chief complaint of patients was expansion and pain. Radiographically, scalloping of the lesion between the teeth was found in 1 case, root resorption was seen in 3 cases, and displacement of the teeth and follicles was observed in 16 cases. Conclusions: We found similar prevalence of jaw cysts that reported in the literature, in which most odontogenic cysts (OCs) were inflammatory origin.