Siti Zarina Mohd Muji

Advancements in Transmitters and Sensors for Biological Tissue Imaging in Magnetic Induction Tomography

Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT), which is also known as Electromagnetic Tomography (EMT) or Mutual Inductance Tomography, is among the imaging modalities of interest to many researchers around the world. This noninvasive modality applies an electromagnetic field and is sensitive to all three passive electromagnetic properties of a material that are conductivity, permittivity and permeability. MIT is categorized under the passive imaging family with an electrodeless technique through the use of excitation coils to induce an electromagnetic field in the material, which is then measured at the receiving side by sensors. The aim of this review is to discuss the challenges of the MIT technique and summarize the recent advancements in the transmitters and sensors, with a focus on applications in biological tissue imaging. It is hoped that this review will provide some valuable information on the MIT for those who have interest in this modality. The need of this knowledge may speed up the process of adopted of MIT as a medical imaging technology.

Criteria for sensor selection in optical tomography

This paper focuses on the factors that will effect towards the selection of sensor in optical tomography. By seeing the parameters that are included in the datasheet, the performance of the sensor can be predicted. The main parameters needed to be considered for sensor selection are half intensity, wavelength, peak of wavelength, power dissipation, output power or radiant intensity and also cost. In this paper, the important characteristics of all the parameters will be discussed in the selection of sensor based on previous researches. This paper will guide people on how to select the tiptop sensor for their research

GSM-based notification speed detection for monitoring purposes

This paper presents the design of GSM-based black box system for speed detection. The idea is clear that the current existing black box system only notify the driver through alarm systems and information is recorded in the black box. However, this could be impractical for the authorized personnel to check every public transports. With the rapid development of GSM application in monitoring purposes, the current system can be integrated to facilitate the authorized personnel and to ease the monitoring process as well. The purpose of this research is to design and integrate a new black-box system integrated with GSM notification system to send alert information to traffic authorized personnel or Transport Department through Short Message Services (SMS). The scope of this research is primarily concerned on express buses which prone to accident.

The development of hardware for optical tomography system

This paper focuses on development of hardware for optical tomography system. Optical tomography system detects the objects that are present in the pipeline without have to invade the material inside. This system is very useful for monitoring purpose in industrial pipeline. Therefore, in order to develop this system, hardware part plays an important rule. Sensor selection must be done with caution because most of the problems occur in making the circuit is an inconsistency between the sender and the receiver. The problem that often occurs is the receiver pair will receive the wrong signal from the transmitter. To solve this problem sensor jig with collimator will be developed. In hardware development, LM324, PIC18F4550 and PIC18F4520 are used as a major component. This system is capable of transmitting data from the sensors part to the computer using RS232 cable. This project is very useful to facilitate the maintenance and monitoring as well as to reduce maintenance costs. Study to use a larger pipe can be done in the future for industrial needs.

Optical tomography: A new filter technique for post processing image

Filtering process is important to make sure the resultant image is free from noise. This paper introduces a new filtering technique for optical tomography to reduce the noise or called a smearing effect. With this technique, it also can increase the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). This smearing effect is resultant from Linear Back Projection (LBP) algorithm that is applied in image reconstruction process. To solve the smearing effect, a new technique that use a threshold value is introduced which is called Averaging Grouping Colour (AGC) bar. The result shows that the AGC bar type 5 is the most suitable technique to be implemented in this system.

Dual fuel injection piggyback controller system

Dual-fuel injection is an effort to reduce the dependency on diesel and gasoline fuel. Generally, there are two approaches to implement the dual-fuel injection in car system. The first approach is changing the whole injector of the car engine, the consequence is excessive high cost. Alternatively, it also can be achieved by manipulating the system’s control signal especially the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) signal. Hence, the study focuses to develop a dual injection timing controller system that likely adopted to control injection time and quantity of compressed natural gas (CNG) and diesel fuel. In this system, Raspberry Pi 3 reacts as main controller unit to receive ECU signal, analyze it and then manipulate its duty cycle to be fed into the Electronic Driver Unit (EDU). The manipulation has changed the duty cycle to two pulses instead of single pulse. A particular pulse mainly used to control injection of diesel fuel and another pulse controls injection of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). The test indic...

Development of image reconstruction using FPGA

This paper presents the development of image reconstruction for optical tomography using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) board, DE0 Nano. This design eliminated the need of computer in image reconstruction stage. Therefore, this will simplify the overall design, where the image will be displayed on an Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) only and this could make the system more portable compare to the existing design of an optical tomography system. Experimental result shows that the developed system can process image in real time as the FPGA is a type of parallel computation controller.

Digitalization of linear back projection algorithm for FPGA implementation

This paper presents the modification of Linear Back Projection (LBP) algorithm for the FPGA implementation purposed. Image reconstruction process is a vital process in tomography system. In order to implement the reconstruction process on FPGA, a slight modification is needed which is digitalize all the floating number of all sensitivity maps matrix data that used in image reconstructed process. As the result of this work, we proposed a new digitalize algorithm that call Digital Linear Back Projection (DLBP) algorithm. The performance of the DLBP compare to original LBP by using MSSIM are 0.9999, 0.9998, 0,9997 and 0.9966 for phantom a, b, c and d respectively.

Minimization of Mutual Coupling Using Neutralization Line Technique for 2.4 GHz Wireless Applications

This paper presented a planar printed multiple-input-multiple-output MIMO antenna with a dimension of 100 x 45 mm2. It composed of two crescent shaped radiators placed symmetrically with respect to the ground plane. Neutralization line applied to suppress mutual coupling. The proposed antenna examined both theoretically and experimentally, which achieves an impedance bandwidth of 18.67% over 2.04-2.46 GHz with a reflection coefficient < -10 dB and mutual coupling minimization of < -20 dB. An evaluation of MIMO antennas is presented, with analysis of correlation coefficient, total active reflection coefficient TARC, capacity loss and channel capacity. These characteristics indicate that the proposed antenna suitable for some wireless applications.