Slamet Raharjo

Analysis on the Appropriate Model of a Community-Based WasteManagement (Case of Rural Area in Karang Joang Village, Balikpapan,Indonesia)

The habit of some communities in Indonesia, including in the village of Karang Joang, Balikpapan, in handling their domestic waste is to burn the garbage without implementing the 3R concept. It happens because such habit is passing down from generation to generation. In order to be success in changing the habit, the research was conducted to obtain the appropriate waste management model for the community. In the first step, identification of public environmental awareness was conducted by means of distributing questionnaire to 500 residents, and interviewing 5 housewives, 1 grocery store owner. The questionnaire consists of material flow analysis (MFA), asking on the resident environmental awareness for their current behavior and their future potential behavior towards the waste handling. The survey results showed that 76% of the respondents did not treat the kitchen waste into compost. The community has a quite low level on their waste management awareness. Almost all of the respondents (70%) burn their kitchen waste, 10% of them discharge the waste directly into the river without any prior treatment or composting. About 65% of the respondents usually bury their glass and bottle-type wastes in the backyard ground. Although the awareness shows in quite low level, the majority of the respondent (65%) claimed that they are willing to be more environmental friendly, especially to handle their domestic waste. Total amount of garbage generated by the community Karang Joang is 250-300 grams/day/family, with a composition of 60% of organic and 40% non-organic. Those wastes have potency to be reused and recycled. Conditions and data acquired by survey were then being used as basic information on SWOT analysis in order to determine the appropriate model of waste management in Karang Joang. Several models which can be applied are: 1) Operating a village-scale waste bank, 2) Composting the organic waste using the Takakura method and Biopori method to produce compost, 3) Recycling plastic waste into plastic pellets using shredder. Those activities need to be attractive by formulate them into the business opportunity.

Development of community-based waste recycling (garbage bank and 3R waste treatment facility) for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in Padang City, Indonesia

Observations and interviews on current municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in Padang City show the conventional operation of mixed collection, transportation and dumping to Air Dingin Landfill with limited recycling activities. Simulations result shows that practices of current local MSWM would release greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions of 123.54 Gg CO2eq in 2035 after 50 years operation of the landfill. This paper focuses on developing scenarios of community-based recycling system for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in Padang City. Observations and interviews to MSWM facilities and stakeholders were carried out to understand current condition of the local MSWM. 3 scenarios of improved recycling system were proposed based on the real condition and achievement of the current MSWM practice. Current MSWM practice and 3 improvement scenarios were simulated for the next 20 years (2016–2035) to understand the impact to global warming. GHG inventories of waste treatment activities before landfill and at landfill site was carried out using life cycle assessment (LCA). Meanwhile, methane emission from solid waste decomposition at landfill cells was simulated using Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) software. As a result, current MSWM practice shows recycling achievement of only 1.494% of the total waste generation in 2035. Scenario #3 suggests to increase the number of garbage bank, community waste treatment facility (TPS 3R), integrated waste treatment facility (TPST) and to install landfill gas recovery. This improvement results in the higher recycling achievement of 33.66 % and lower GHG emissions of around 96.594 Gg CO2eq compared to that of the current MSWM practice in 2035. While, the application of landfill gas recovery would further decrease the GHG emissions to 52.972 Gg CO2eq. Scenario #3 may be applied for Padang City.