Slaven Kincic

Calibrating Parameters of Power System Stability Models Using Advanced Ensemble Kalman Filter

With the ever increasing penetration of renewable energy, smart loads, energy storage, and new market behavior, todays power grid becomes more dynamic and stochastic, which may invalidate traditional study assumptions and pose great operational challenges. Thus, it is of critical importance to maintain good-quality models for secure and economic planning and real-time operation. Following the 1996 Western Systems Coordinating Council system blackout, North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) and Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) in North America enforced a number of policies and standards to guide the power industry to periodically validate power grid models and calibrate poor parameters with the goal of building sufficient confidence in model quality. The PMU-based approach using online measurements without interfering with the operation of generators provides a low-cost alternative to meet NERC standards. This paper presents an innovative procedure and tool suites to validate and calibrate models based on a trajectory sensitivity analysis method and an advanced ensemble Kalman filter algorithm. The developed prototype demonstrates excellent performance in identifying and calibrating bad parameters of a realistic hydro power plant against multiple system events.

Bridging the gap between operation and planning models in WECC

WECC groups and vendors work closely together toward development of new tools and procedures to ensure consistency between the two major models used in WECC, (West-wide System Model (WSM) used by Reliability Coordinators and planning basecases used to perform operational and planning studies), This work includes program features that enable traditional software to read a node-breaker power flow snapshot from WSM, perform different types of system studies, link this model to the WECC dynamic model database and perform dynamic simulations from real-time snapshots and for historical system events to validate the model. Results are compared to actual measurements obtained from phasor measurement units (PMUs). This paper shows some of the results.

Model Validation Using Synchrophasor Technology

Validation of power system models used for planning and operations of power systems is critical for the reliable operations of the power systems. Use of unrealistic power system models can lead to unreliable study results and can even cause widespread blackouts such as August 1996 blackout. Recent regulatory requirements in North America such as NERC MOD-027, MOD-027, MOD-033 require that power system models be validated periodically using field measurements. The installed base of PMUs is growing throughout North America as well as the World. This makes it possible to use Sychrophasor technology to aid model validation and improve accuracy of models. This chapter describes how to use Syncrophasor measurements for validation of power system models used for power systems planning and operations.

A new framework to facilitate the use of node-breaker operations model for validation of planning dynamic models in WECC

Power Systems Operations and Planning departments historically use different models. Online operations models are based upon node-breaker representation of the system whereas offline planning models are based on bus-branch representation of the same system. Use of different models to represent the same power system leads to discrepancies in data and makes it difficult and inefficient to validate the dynamic models used in short and long term planning for different operating conditions. This paper summarizes a new framework developed by WECC, Peak Reliability and General Electric to facilitate the use of the node-breaker operations model for validation of planning dynamic models used in the western interconnection of United States using GE PSLF.

Bridging the gap between operation and planning in WECC - A step toward dynamic assessment of system limits

• What is needed for computation of dynamic transfer limits: • Same steady state network models for off line and on line use or at least good mapping tool in between the two so that off line model can be easily and efficiently adjusted to reflect real time operating conditions; • Model of entire interconnection without reductions; • Off-line tools need to be able to support full topology (node-breaker) real time operations model; • What needs to be done: • Improve mapping tool and work further toward reconciling models; • Improve off line tools traditionally used for limit assessments; • We need one single model for SE for interconnection; • Publishing real-time cases so that they can be used in off line environment in near real-time;

West wide system model (WSM): Present challenges, continued improvements & solution accuracy

• The WSM Overview and Model Update Process. • Modeling Challenges & Improvements: — BA-BA boundary modeling consistency with entities. — Critical sub-100-kV network identification and modeling — WBRTF-reconcile modeling discrepancies between WSM and WECC Basecase. — RAS modeling and monitoring in SCADA and RTCA. — Other WSM modeling improvements. • SE and RTCA Solutions Quality/Accuracy Metrics.