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Rekombinan Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-121 Menekan Ekspresi Heat Shock Protein-70 pada Plasenta Mencit Model Preeklampsia (VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR-121 RECOMBINANT DEPRESSIS HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN-70 EXPRESSION IN PREECLAMPSIA MICE PLACENTA

Preeclampsia has remained a major cause of morbidity and maternal-perinatal mortality. Oxidative stress that occurs in preeclampsia increases HSP-70 expression. Therefore, VEGF therapy is expected to recover this oxidative stress. This research aimed to determine the role of VEGF-121 recombinant on HSP-70 expression in mice model of preeclampsia. This research was an explanatory study conducted at Animal Cage Experiment, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University. The samples were 30 mice that were divided into 3 groups, namely a group of 10 normal pregnant mice, a group of 10 mice model of preeclampsia, and a group of 10 mice model of preeclampsia with VEGF-121 recombinant therapy. On the 16th day of gestation, HSP-70 expressions in the placenta of all mice were examined using immunohistochemical methods. The data were analyzed using Kruskall-Wallis test of SPSS program. The mean of HSP-70 expression in normal pregnancy group was 1.69 ± 0.68, in preeclampsia model group was 3.50 ± 0.95 with p = 0.00, and in preeclampsia model group with VEGF-121 recombinant therapy was 2.24 ± 0.84 with p = 0.00. In short, VEGF-121 recombinant has a role in lowering HSP-70 expression in mice placenta model of preeclampsia.

VEGF 121 Rekombinan Dapat Memperbaiki Endoteliosis Gromerular pada Mencit Bunting Model Preeeklampsia

Tujuan: membuktikan pengaruh VEGF 121 rekombinan terhadap perbaikan endoteliosis glomerular pada mencit model pre-eklampsia. Bahan dan Metode: metode eksperimental analitik dengan RCT, yang dilakukan pada bulan Januari – Mei 2015 di Kandang Hewan Percobaan dan Laboratorium Biomedik Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Airlangga. Sampel dari replikasi Steel dan Torrie adalah 30 mencit bunting yang terbagi dalam 3 kelompok yaitu 10 mencit bunting normal, 10 mencit bunting model preeklampsia dan 10 mencit bunting model preeklampsia dengan terapi VEGF 121 rekombinan. Semua sampel dilakukan pemeriksaan pada endotel ginjalnya dengan metode imuno-histokimia. Parameter endoteliosis glomerular menggunakan kriteria Stillman (2007) dan Wide-Swensson (2007). Analisa data menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dan Mann Whitney. Hasil: Rerata endoteliosis gromeruler pada mencit bunting normal 1,60 dan mencit bunting model preeklampsia 1,90 dengan nilai p=0,28 (p>0,05). Rerata endoteliosis gromeruler pada mencit bunting model preeklampsia 1,90 dan mencit bunting model preeklampsia dengan terapi VEGF rekombinan 121 adalah 1,30 dengan nilai p=0,02 (p 0,05). Simpulan: VEGF 121 rekombinan dapat memperbaiki endoteliosis gromerular pada mencit bunting model preeeklampsia.

Faktor Risiko Transmisi Virus HIV pada Ibu Hamil di Papua

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has been transmitted all over the world and attack people including pregnant women and their fetus. HIV-AIDS has become the main cause of maternal death. The transmission is started from Africa to Indonesia, specifically to Papua Island. In Papua, HIV is a serious threat for pregnant women’s life because of its fast transmission, even faster from other regions in Indonesia. Until present, there has no research about HIV transmission on pregnant women in Papua Island. Objective: To conduct analysis on risk factors related to HIV transmission on pregnant women in Papua Island. Method: Cross sectional continued with retrospective cohort. Data was taken from medical record of all patients delivering in eight state-owned hospitals in Papua and West Papua provinces started from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2013. Inclusion criteria were all pregnant women who delivered vaginally or by caesarean sections with HIV and non HIV diagnosis and had complete medical record data. Data being taken included mother’s age when delivered the baby, mother’s education, parents’ social economic status, mother’s ethnicity, parents’ domicile, prematurity and infant’s birth weight. The two research groups were HIV (+) and HIV (-) groups. Data were statistically analyzed using Pearson Chi Square for univarian and logistic regression for multivarian. Result and Discussion: In Papua island, prevalence of pregnant women with HIV was 15.3%, and mostly occurred in reproductive age ( 85.1%). The main transmission source was heterosexual (100%). Univarian analysis found that mothers’s age 20 years old but it’s statistically insignificant (p=0.53). Mothers education 9 years (p=0.01). The husband’s low socioeconomic status increase the risk of 5.51 times compared with husband’s high socioeconomic status (p<0.01). The wife’s low socioeconomic status increase the risk of 1.22 times, in which statistically insignificant (p=0.14). Native Papuanese pregnant women has significantly 3.05 times higher risk for HIV transmission compared to non Papuanese (p<0.01). Pregnant women’s domicile in villages increase the transmission significantly 2.21 times compared to cities’ domiciles (p<0.00). Premature delivery increased HIV transmission by 1.7 times (p<0.01). Low infant body weight increased the transmission by 1.64 times significantly (p<0.01). Multivarian analysis showed that husband’s low socioeconomic status, Papuanese ethnicity and domicile in villages are the most dominant factors influencing HIV transmission on pregnant women in Papua Island. Conclusion: Varied risk factors on HIV transmission resulted in the occurrence of HIV (+) cases in Papua Island, while the most dominant factors are husband with low socioeconomic status, Papua ethnicity and domicile in villages. Keywords: HIV, risk factors, birthing mothers, Papua Island.

EXPRESSION OF HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN-E AND NATURAL KILLER CELLS IN INTRA UTERINE FETAL DEATH

Intra Uterine Fetal Death (IUFD) is one contributor to infant mortality. Human Leukocyte Antigen-E (HLA-E) and Natural Killer Cells (NK cells) are believed to play an important role towards IUFD associated with immune maladaptation. This study aimed to determine the expression of HLA-E and NK cells on trophoblast on IUFD and normal pregnancy. The study used cross sectional approach undertaken at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, networking hospitals, and Anatomic Pathology Laboratory of Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University. The number of samples were 32 subjects consisting of 16 subjects with normal pregnancy and 16 subjects with IUFD. The expression of HLA-E and NK cells on trophoblast of subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were examined using immunohistochemistry method and t-test statistical analysis. The mean value of HLA-E expression in the trophoblast of IUFD group was 17.30±6.69, in normal pregnancy was 57.06±32.04, with p=0.00 (p<0.05). The mean value of NK cell expression in trophoblast in IUFD group was 78.62±36.43, in normal pregnancy was 19.87±6.43, with p=0.00 (p<0.05). This study concluded that the expression of HLA-E was lower and NK cells wass higher in IUFD compared to those in normal pregnancy.

Ekspresi Human Leukocyte Antigen–C di Trofoblas dan Natural Killer Cell di Desidua pada Preeklampsia Berat

Severe Preeclampsia is still a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Prevalence preeclampsia ranges between 4,4-17,5% in pregnancies. Human Leukocyte Antigen-C and Natural Killer Cell have been suggested to have important role in pathogenesis of preeclampsia. This research aims to investigate HLA-C expression and NK Cell number in severe preeclampsia using analytic observation and cross-sectional approaches. This research was conducted in December 2014 - January 2015 at the Obstetrics and Gynecology department of RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta and Pathological Anatomy Laboratory Sebelas Maret University Surakarta. 40 patients divided into2 groups consisting of 20 normal pregnant patients and 20 pregnant patients with severe Preeclampsia. All Samples were tested for HLA-C in the trophoblast and NK cell in the decidua using immunohistochemistry method and analyzed by using t-test. The average value of HLA-C expression in the trophoblast of preeclampsia group was 15,39±3,45 whereas 8,07±3,70, with p=0,00 (p<0,05) in normal pregnancies group. The average number of NK cells in decidua preeclampsia group was 14,78±3,57 whereas 8,48±3,35 with p=0,00 (p<0,05) in normal pregnancies group. In conclusion, expression of HLA-C in trophoblast and number of NK Cells in decidua of severe preeclampsia patients are higher than in the normal pregnancies.