Sofia Sandi

Preparation And Characterization of Bio-\Polymeric Nano Feed Incorporating Silage-Derived Organic -Acids And The Polar Fraction of Papaya Leaf Extract

This research has aimed to incorporate the fermented organic acids and papaya leaf extract into chitosan-alginate composites using an ionic -gelation method. The concentration of chitosan was 35 mg/7.5 mL, sodium alginate was 20 mg/7.5 mL, and cross-linking the CaCl2 cross linker was 20 mM. Variations in the formula Different formulations, are carried out on organic acids with the code of referred to as kumpai-ZnO, legum-ZnO, and kumpai-legum-ZnO. These sample using various organic acids, and the formulations contained as much as 50 mg/7.5 mL of the organic acid. The results of the identification of the chemical contents of the fermented product was lactic acid derivatives as a major component, and there were no alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and or poly phenols content present. The particle characterization results showed they were a homogeneously distributed in size with PDIs from 0.199 to 0.218 with a sizes between of 253.6 to and 286.8 nm. The potential Zeta potential is was found to be -20 to -15 mV by using a particles size analyzer (PSA). Particles were spherical based on the images of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. The best formula formulation was is the formula 3, containing with the kumpai-legum-ZnO content, which was demonstrated by to be 85% encapsulation percentage encapsulated (%EE). The anti-E. coli activity test showed an increase of the particles were 40% of activity the particles compare to more active than the same substances not in particle. The ionic -gelation method successfully created a homogenous particle suspension loading loaded with the active compounds, such as the fermented organic acids and the papaya leaf extract. This system could deliver the active compounds to the bacterial cell of E. coli and S. typimurium bacterial cells.

THE RATE OF METABOLISM AND PERFORMANCE OF BROILER WHO GETS SKIN TREATMENT RATIONS CONTAINING CASSAVA FLOUR AND INJECTION SOLUTION THYROID GLAND

The aims of this research was to find out the effect of the thyroid gland flour given by injection and skin cassava flour given in the diet on metabolic rate and performance of broiler chickens. Feeds were arranged with protein content (18%) and metabolism energy (2900 kcal/kg) in accordance with recommendations of NRC. As many as 35 were one week old chicks used in this study. Completely random design was used in this research, with 5 treatments and 4 replicates. Each of these repeats were placed 3 ducks and kept for 3 months. The treatment consisted of P1 (control diet), P2 (70% basal diet + 30% cassava peel without steam), P3 (100% basal ration with treatment of the thyroid gland injection of starch solution as much as 10 mg per day in sub-cutaneous), P4 (100% basal ration with treatment of the thyroid gland flour solution injection of 20 mg per day in sub-cutaneous). The results showed that Metabolic activity of broilers increased concurrently with the increasing age characterized by increased oxygen consumption, body heat production and basal metabolic rate.