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Dive into the research topics where Solveig Lena Hansen is active.

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Featured researches published by Solveig Lena Hansen.


Journal of Public Health | 2017

Attitudes towards brain death and conceptions of the body in relation to willingness or reluctance to donate: results of a student survey before and after the German transplantation scandals and legal changes

Silke Schicktanz; Solveig Lena Hansen; Moritz Boos

BackgroundIn Germany, two events regarding organ donation in 2012 happened: media reported about allocation scandals and regulations concerning regular public information were implemented. Public mistrust as a result of the scandals was repeatedly utilized to explain the current decrease in donation rates.MethodsTo test for public attitudes towards organ donation, a comprehensive survey with 55 sets of closed questions was conducted twice (2008/09 and 2014/15) with students of medicine and economics (total n = 1403) at the University of Göttingen. Statistical analysis involved a multivariate regression using R 3.2 and focused on potential pre/post-shifts in willingness and on social or attitudinal factors linked with reluctance to donate.ResultsThe survey revealed that donation willingness increased (58–75%); in 2014 twice as many held a donor card (24–52%). The majority in both periods agreed that there is a problem of fair allocation (64–74%). Only a small minority considered transplantation well regulated pre- (15%) and post-scandal (11%; p < 0.05 sig.). Analysis of attitudes for reluctance identified non-acceptance of the brain death criterion and sharing a holistic conception of the body linking the human body to personal identity.ConclusionsReluctance to donate seems to be linked to deeper cultural attitudes.


Health Communication | 2018

“Are You In or Are You Out?!” Moral Appeals to the Public in Organ Donation Poster Campaigns: A Multimodal and Ethical Analysis

Solveig Lena Hansen; Marthe Irene Eisner; Silke Schicktanz

ABSTRACT Organ transplantation is a well-established practice in modern medicine. However, many countries, especially those with an opt-in regulation, face the problem of low donation numbers. Respective public campaigns attempt to increase the number of donors by swaying public opinion with the use of carefully selected bits of information. Germany serves as a case study for an opt-in country investing approximately €7.5 million/year in the distribution of respective campaigns. To address diverse populations, large-scale posters in various public spaces still display a multitude of moral messages for organ donation. We developed a detailed multimodal approach for the analysis of health communication by focusing exemplarily on such organ donation poster campaigns as a common mean since the 1990s. In all, we identified 13 campaigns with 83 posters from 1996 to 2016. Here, we focus on both the textual and visual elements of such material to analyze how morally relevant principles and virtues are interwoven. Six categories of moral appeals were identified in the complete sample: altruism, being a decisive person, family responsibility, minimizing suffering, social conformity, and complete reciprocity. Overall, visual items were used to create a variety of social, moral, and epistemic claims with respect to organ donation. Our analysis reveals critical aspects highlighting the potential conflicts that arise from the ambiguity and wrong information of some messages as well as the risk of inappropriate blaming driven by these campaigns.


Journal of Bioethical Inquiry | 2018

Family Resemblances: Human Reproductive Cloning as an Example for Reconsidering the Mutual Relationships between Bioethics and Science Fiction

Solveig Lena Hansen

In the traditions of narrative ethics and casuistry, stories have a well-established role. Specifically, illness narratives provide insight into patients’ perspectives and histories. However, because they tend to see fiction as an aesthetic endeavour, practitioners in these traditions often do not realize that fictional stories are valuable moral sources of their own. In this paper I employ two arguments to show the mutual relationship between bioethics and fiction, specifically, science fiction. First, both discourses use imagination to set a scene and determine a perspective. Second, bioethics and science fiction share the family resemblance of expressing moral beliefs. I then consider how understanding bioethics and science fiction as interrelated discourses can be the basis of a methodology for inquiry into relational autonomy in the context of biotechnologies and medicine. As an example of this methodology, I analyse Fay Weldon’s novel The Cloning of Joanna May (1989).


Ethik in Der Medizin | 2018

Stakeholder-Beteiligung in der klinischen Forschung: eine ethische Analyse

Solveig Lena Hansen; Tim Holetzek; Clemens Heyder; Claudia Wiesemann

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag untersucht, wie angesichts eines Interessenpluralismus ethische Diskurse über innovative und hochriskante Forschungsvorhaben angemessen geführt werden können. Dazu rekonstruieren wir erstens den Begriff des Stakeholders im Kontext seiner Entstehung in der Unternehmensethik und Anwendung in der Medizinethik und legen dessen implizite normative Prämissen frei. Wir entwickeln zweitens eine Klassifizierung von Stakeholdern und illustrieren diese am Beispiel der klinischen Forschung. Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf das Kriterium der Betroffenheit gelegt. Drittens werden für unterschiedliche Formen der Betroffenheit von Stakeholdern angemessene Beteiligungsverfahren vorgestellt, die von Information bis Empowerment reichen können. Wir zeigen, warum es für ethische Diskurse in der Medizin- und Bioethik wichtig ist, Betroffenheit und Beteiligungsverfahren auf transparente und nachvollziehbare Weise in ein reflektiertes Verhältnis zu setzen und wie das praktisch zu bewerkstelligen ist.AbstractDefinition of the problemConcepts of stakeholder engagement are well established in business ethics and medical ethics. However, current approaches tend to see it as an end in itself. Thereby, two important aspects are often neglected: first, the general normative presuppositions of stakeholder engagement; second, moral implications concerning different modes of communication.ArgumentsThe present article argues that normative presuppositions of stakeholder engagement can be understood by reconstructing existing approaches. Here, three ethical theories are relevant: deontology, contractualism, and discourse ethics. Furthermore, stakeholder involvement is related to modes of communication that range from information to empowerment. Drawing upon the example of clinical research, we argue that these modes have different normative weight in relation to the respective stakeholder’s form of affectedness.ConclusionWe show why it is important for bioethics to reflect on the particular relation of affectedness and modes of participation, and how this can be realized in practice.


Ethik in Der Medizin | 2015

Nachdenken im Kinosessel? Bioethische Reflexion durch Filme als eine neue Möglichkeit der Diskussion von Standpunkten und Betroffenheit

Sabine Wöhlke; Solveig Lena Hansen; Silke Schicktanz

Die Filmkomodie Ziemlich beste Freunde1 beruht auf der Autobiografie eines Tetraplegikers. Im Fokus steht die Freundschaft zwischen dem behinderten Phillipe und seinem langjahrigen Pflegehelfer, der ihm mit seiner unkonventionellen Art neuen Lebensmut gibt. Dieser Film, der von Kritikern als der passende Spasfilm zur heutigen „Problem-Zeit“ bezeichnet wird, besticht durch seinen ungewohnlichen Humor, da er „eher unublich sei, weil man uber Behinderte keine Witze macht oder die Leute, die uber Behinderte Witze machen, in aller Regel abstosend sind“ [30]. Solche filmischen Annaherungen an existierende bioethische Probleme, wie in diesem Beispiel des intuitiven und wurdevollen Umgangs mit korperlich stark eingeschrankten Personen, setzen neue Impulse fur eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit gegenwartigen Rehaund Versorgungskonzepten. Sie bieten mehr als nur eine „Illustration“ von Chancen und Herausforderungen einer Technik, sondern sind vielmehr eine eigene Wissensform unserer kulturellen und kollektiven Identitat [11]. Das Beispiel Ziemlich beste Freunde verdeutlicht, dass Filme mit bioethischem Potential fur eine Auseinandersetzung mit den kontroversen Folgen einer durch Technisierung veranderten Lebenswelt dienen konnen. Im Fernsehen und im Kino greifen sie Alltagserfahrungen und -konflikte auf, die sie wiederum dramatisieren, abstrahieren und zu „kleinen“ Geschichten verarbeiten [4]. Auch wenn manche dieser filmischen Szenarien als uberzeichnet anzusehen sind, bieten die erzahlten Geschichten eine angereicherte Darstellung des Verhaltnisses zwischen dem System der Biomedizin und den darin agierenden Individuen. Filme nehmen aufgrund ihrer narrativen und asthetischen Struktur einen jeweils sehr spezifischen Standpunkt zur sozialen Realitat, der lebensweltlichen Orientierung und der


Sociology of Health and Illness | 2018

‘Saying no to organ donation’: an empirical typology of reluctance and rejection

Solveig Lena Hansen; Frank Adloff; Silke Schicktanz

In Germany, as well as in other countries, organ shortages are usually explained by a relative unwillingness to donate among a population which is assumed to be caused by a lack of information and mistrust of the system. As we can see in the data of our qualitative research (focus groups and interviews), lack of information or mistrust are not the only reasons for people to be reluctant to agree to the donation of their organs after death. In fact we can identify four positions: (1) information deficit; (2) mistrust; (3) no killing; and (4) bodily integrity. The first and second are the two prominent explanations in the public discourse about low donation rates. The third and the fourth instead have neither been adequately articulated nor been discussed as a proper argument. Therefore, by means of sociology of critique, we discuss their contribution to the discourse as comprehensible reasons for reluctance and present them as credible positions of criticism: These two positions illuminate fundamental and universal values of the inviolability of the person and human dignity. Thus, both positions are consistent and morally justifiable and should be addressed with sensitivity.


Ethik in Der Medizin | 2015

„Wir wissen es alle, nur sprechen wir es nie aus.“

Solveig Lena Hansen; Sabine Wöhlke

ZusammenfassungIm Spielfilm Never Let Me Go werden Klone als vulnerable und heteronome Individuen dargestellt, die zur anonymen Organspende gezwungen werden. In diesem Beitrag wird die Darstellung dieser Figuren in ihrer individuellen Entwicklung und gesellschaftlichen Sozialisation unter der Frage untersucht, welche Bezüge sich zu bioethischen Aspekten ergeben. Die Klone befinden sich in einer Situation der „privilegierten Deprivation“: Aus Sicht der Zuschauer sind sie sozial benachteiligt und können sich nicht zu komplett autonomen Wesen entwickeln, aber aus ihrer eigenen Perspektive sind sie im dystopischen System immer noch „privilegiert“. Wir argumentieren, dass dieser Film auf symbolische Weise diejenigen Individuen fokussiert, die vom medizinischen Fortschritt nicht profitieren oder die nicht genügend Handlungsspielraum haben, um sich gegen geltende Praxen zu positionieren. Filme wie Never Let Me Go können deshalb ein Beitrag sein, um die Perspektive marginalisierter Personen im medizinischen System einzunehmen.AbstractBackground In the movie Never Let Me Go , clones are depicted as highly vulnerable and heteronomous individuals, forced to donate their organs anonymously. In this paper, we analyze the depiction of the clones’ socialization and personal development, scrutinizing references to bioethical aspects. Arguments As a symbolic work of fiction, this movie can be regarded as an abstract negotiation of limited agency. The clones are situated in “privileged deprivation”; from the audience’s point of view, they are deprived and unable to evolve into autonomous agents—but from their own perspective within the dystopian system, they are still “privileged”. We argue that this movie symbolically focuses on individuals who do not profit from modern medical progress or do not have enough agency to refuse it. Results Movies such as Never Let Me Go evoke a confrontation with underprivileged positions in the medical system, encouraging the audience to take the perspective of the marginalized.


Ethik in Der Medizin | 2015

Auf der anderen Seite der Kamera

Sayani Mitra; Solveig Lena Hansen

ZusammenfassungDie Verbreitung kommerzieller Leihmutterschaft und ihr wachsender globaler Markt hat zu einer breiten Diskussion sowohl unter Wissenschaftlern als auch unter Aktivisten geführt. In diesem Aufsatz eröffnen wir durch die Auseinandersetzung mit einem Dokumentarfilm ethische Fragen, die mit der transnationalen indischen Leihmutterschaft in Verbindung stehen. Über den filmisch präsentierten Alltag von Leihmüttern wird deutlich, dass der Diskurs über kommerzielle Leihmutterschaft einer sensiblen Kontextualisierung für den spezifischen indischen Kontext bedarf. Die Perspektive von Surabhi Sharma bereichert die Diskussion, da sie den Zusammenhang von Leihmutterschaft und Arbeit fokussiert. Dabei werden nicht nur die physischen Risiken betrachtet, denen Leihmütter ausgesetzt sind, sondern auch ihre soziale Vulnerabilität.AbstractBackgroundThe spread of commercial surrogacy and its rapidly growing global market has raised many concerns among academics and activists alike. In this paper, we present some of the ethical issues associated with the practice of transnational surrogacy in India in the light of a documentary film. Arguments By discussing the nuances of the daily events occurring in the lives of the surrogate mothers as shown in the film, we point out that the discourse of commercial surrogacy in India needs to contextualize itself to the cultural expectations, social vulnerabilities and moral sensibilities of the actors. Results The perspective of Surabhi Sharma is helpful as an impulse for the discussion, focusing on surrogacy as labor and taking into consideration not only the physical risks that the surrogate mothers are prone to but also their social vulnerability.


Ethik in Der Medizin | 2017

Dystopie und Methode: zur fiktionalen Verhandlung moralischer Überzeugungen in der Bioethik

Solveig Lena Hansen


Nanoethics | 2016

Contrasting Medical Technology with Deprivation and Social Vulnerability. Lessons for the Ethical Debate on Cloning and Organ Transplantation Through the Film Never Let Me Go (2010)

Solveig Lena Hansen; Sabine Wöhlke

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Sabine Wöhlke

University of Göttingen

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Sayani Mitra

University of Göttingen

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Clemens Heyder

University of Göttingen

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Frank Adloff

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg

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Tim Holetzek

University of Göttingen

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