Sonal Dubey

Pyridazinone: an important element of pharmacophore possessing broad spectrum of activity

In the last few years, the pyridazine derivatives have been found to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. A large number of research articles and patents described them, and several drugs based on its nucleus have come into light. Pyridazinone, a derivative of pyridazine, was initially exploited in search of cardiovascular drugs and for its use in agrochemicals, but later on this nucleus was found to be associated with plethora of activities. In this article, we have reviewed the influence of structural changes on the pharmacodynamic profile of the pyridazinone moiety.

16-(4-Isopropylbenzylidene)androst-4-ene-3,17-dione.

In the title compound, C(29)H(36)O(2), the outer cyclohexene ring of the steroid nucleus has a conformation that lies about half-way between a half-chair and an envelope, while the central and outer cyclohexane rings of the steroid nucleus have slightly distorted chair conformations. The steroidal cyclopentane ring adopts a 13beta,14alpha-half-chair conformation. The benzylidene moiety has an E configuration with respect to the carbonyl group on the cyclopentane ring. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the steroid nucleus and the benzylidene moiety is 35.54 (9) degrees. The packing of the molecules is assumed to be dictated mainly by weak intermolecular C-H.O interactions.

Synthesis and neuromuscular blocking activity of 16-(2- and 3-pyridylmethylene) dehydroepiandrosterone derivatives.

The interonium distance plays a major role in neuromuscular blocking activity of bis-quaternary ammonium compounds. In this study we tried to alter the distance between two quaternary nitrogens in some of the steroidal derivatives synthesized and evaluated them for neuromuscular blocking activity using in vivo (in chicks) and in vitro models (rectus abdominus and chick biventer cervis muscle) for their mechanism of action. All the synthesized compounds have shown to possess good depolarizing, competitive neuromuscular blocking activity, particularly the 17-acetoxy derivative and the increase in the distance between two quaternary nitrogens decreased the activity.

16‐(3‐Pyridyl­methyl­ene)­androst‐4‐ene‐3,17‐dione

In the title compound, C25H29NO2, ring A adopts a slightly distorted half-chair conformation, while rings B and C are in chair conformations. The five-membered ring D adopts a 13β,14α-half-chair conformation. The 3-pyridyl ring has an E configuration with respect to the carbonyl group at position 17. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak intra- and intermolecular C—H⋯O interactions and van der Waals forces.

QSAR modeling of bifunctional quinolonyl diketo acid derivatives as integrase inhibitors

The recent interests in the development of novel and potent bifunctional quinolonyl diketo acid derivatives as integrase inhibitors for the treatment of HIV-1 infection-inhibiting 3′ processing and strand transfer in the virus have been explored using classical Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) tools in an attempt to delve into the quantitative contribution pattern of different substituent in the diketo quinoline ring to the activities. Various physico-chemical parameters have been used along with the appropriate indicator and/or integer variables to develop QSAR equations. The models developed were of acceptable statistical quality and predictive potential. The results show that for response variables, presence of 3D-Morse, WHIM, Topological and RDF descriptors contributes significantly towards the 3′-processing and strand transfer process inhibitory activities.

3β,17β‐Di­acetoxy‐16‐(2‐pyridyl­methyl­ene)androst‐5‐ene hydrate (1/0.46)

In the title compound, C29H37NO4·0.46H2O, rings A and C adopt chair conformations and ring B is in a half-chair conformation. The five-membered ring D adopts an envelope conformation. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak intermolecular C—H⋯O interactions and van der Waals forces.

Indian Spices and their Medicinal Value

The history of spices is the history of humankind itself, with empires rising and falling based on the trade of exotic spices from distant lands, their intoxicating allure changing and shaping the very foundations of our society. Christopher Columbus set sail for the Indies (following the unorthodox notion of getting there faster by heading in exactly the wrong direction), he was searching for pepper. Not gold or jewels, but pepper and other spices. He never found the passage to the Indies he was hoping for, and he never found the pepper he was searching for, but the world was changed forever because of our passion for strange new flavours from faraway places. The spice trade developed throughout South Asia and Middle East by at least 2000 BCE with cinnamon and black pepper, and in East Asia with herbs and pepper. The Egyptians used herbs for mummification and their demand for exotic spices and herbs helped stimulate world trade. The word spice comes from the Old French word espice, which became epice, and which came from the Latin root spec, the noun referring to “appearance, sort, kind”: species has the same root. By 1000 BCE, medical systems based upon herbs could be found in China, Korea, and India. Early uses were connected with magic, medicine, religion, tradition, and preservation. A spice is a seed, fruit, root, bark, or other plant substance primarily used for flavouring, colouring or preserving food. Spices are distinguished from herbs, which are the leaves, flowers, or stems from plants used for flavouring or as a garnish. Sometimes, spices may be ground into a powder for convenience. Right from the kitchen and medicinal uses in homes spices have an important role to play in different places. As India is blessed with a varied climate each of its state produces some spice or the other. No wonder why spices are used so extensively for cooking in India. Not only in India but also in some other countries spices are considered to be of great use.

16-(4-Cyano­benzyl­idene)-17-oxo­androst-5-en-3β-ol

In the title compound, 4-(3beta-hydroxy-17-oxoandrost-5-en-16-ylidenemethyl)benzonitrile, C(27)H(31)NO(2), rings A and C of the steroid nucleus are in chair conformations. The central six-membered ring B is in an 8beta,9alpha-half-chair conformation, while the five-membered ring D adopts a 13beta,14alpha-half-chair conformation. The cyanobenzylidene moiety has an E configuration with respect to the carbonyl group at position C17. The dihedral angle between the planes of the steroid nucleus and the cyanobenzylidene moiety is 22.61 (15) degrees. Intermolecular O-H.N hydrogen bonds formed between the hydroxyl group of the steroid and the N atom of the cyanobenzylidene moiety of symmetry-related molecules link the steroid molecules into chains which run parallel to the b axis.