Soner Çankaya

Evaluation of the Association of Sleep Apnea-Related Systemic Inflammation with CRP, ESR, and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio

Background Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by cyclic episodes of hypoxemia and reoxygenation. It has been suggested that OSAS is associated with chronic inflammation within the microvasculature. This low-grade inflammation may play a role in the pathophysiology of OSAS-related comorbidities. Evaluation of the inflammatory markers may predict the degree of the systemic inflammation and this may be a prognostic factor for future adverse events such as cardiovascular risks. Proinflammatory cytokines have been extensively studied in sleep-disordered breathing. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a recently described indicator of systemic inflammation, but it has not been studied in OSAS patients. In this study we aimed to evaluate the easily measurable parameters of systemic inflammation in these patients. We conducted this study to examine the association among OSAS and C- reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Material/Methods OSAS patients who underwent overnight polysomnography were studied retrospectively. They were divided into 4 groups: control, mild, moderate, and severe OSAS patients. Blood test results and inflammatory markers were compared between the groups. One-way ANOVA and Kruskall-Wallis H test were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 147 patients were included in the study. No differences in evaluated inflammatory markers were observed among the 4 groups. Conclusions Evaluation of the OSAS-related systemic inflammation is not likely to be possible by CRP, ESR, or neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio measurements. These markers do not seem to be associated with the degree of the upper airway obstruction.

Influence of abutment material and luting cements color on the final color of all ceramics

Abstract Purpose. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of different abutment materials and luting cements color on the final color of implant-supported all-ceramic restorations. Materials and methods. Ten A2 shade IPS e.max Press disc shape all-ceramic specimens were prepared (11 × 1.5 mm). Three different shades (translucent, universal and white opaque) of disc shape luting cement specimens were prepared (11 × 0.2 mm). Three different (zirconium, gold-palladium and titanium) implant abutments and one composite resin disc shape background specimen were prepared at 11 mm diameter and appropriate thicknesses. All ceramic specimens colors were measured with each background and luting cement samples on a teflon mold. A digital spectrophotometer used for measurements and data recorded as CIE L*a*b* color co-ordinates. An optical fluid applied on to the samples to provide a good optical connection and measurements on the composite resin background was saved as the control group. ΔE values were calculated from the ΔL, Δa and Δb values between control and test groups and data were analyzed with one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) and mean values were compared by the Tukey HSD test (α = 0.05). Results. One-way ANOVA of ΔL, Δa, Δb and ΔE values of control and test groups revealed significant differences for backgrounds and seldom for cement color groups (p the 0.05). Only zirconium implant abutment groups and gold palladium abutment with universal shade cement group were found to be clinically acceptable (ΔE ≤ 3.0). Conclusion. Using titanium or gold-palladium abutments for implant supported all ceramics will be esthetically questionable and white opaque cement will be helpful to mask the dark color of titanium abutment.

Evaluation of suicide cases in Turkey, 2007–2012

Background The aim of this study was to determine the demographic and sociocultural characteristics of suicide attempts by using data from the Turkish Statistical Institute. It is our intent that the work data may contribute to the national suicide data and the development of suicide prevention policies. Material/Methods We obtained our data, which cover the years 2007 to 2012, from the database accessible at the official website of the Turkish Statistical Institute, which permits the use of its data for research purposes. The data were evaluated by using the SPSS 10.0 program. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis, and the percentage distribution and odds ratios were calculated. Results According to data from the Turkish Statistical Institute, the total number of suicide deaths in Turkey between 2007 and 2012 changed yearly (χ2=42,035–59,209; P<0.001). While suicide deaths in 2007 made up 0.00396% of the total deaths for that year, that figure increased to 0.00426% in 2013. According to the data from the Turkish Statistical Institute, over 1.9 million people died due to all causes between 2007 and 2012 in Turkey. Over 17,000 deaths (0.9%) were due to suicide. Conclusions Suicide is an important public health problem and is multidimensional in nature. Examining this subject from etiological, epidemiological, biological, psychological, sociological, and anthropological perspectives is important to improve the prevention of suicides.

Violence towards women is a public health problem

BACKGROUND Violence within the family is a significant health problem which threatens the health of the community. The global rates of domestic violence directed at women have been reported as 10%-69% and in Turkey as 25%-30%. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data of our study were obtained from the database of the official internet website of the Turkish Statistics Institute as the data related to violence between 2007 and 2012. In the evaluation of the data, SPSS 11.0 statistics software was used. RESULTS Although it was determined that women from all groups experienced sexual, physical and emotional violence, higher rates were observed in those living in rural areas compared to those in urban areas, in the eastern region compared to all other regions, in the 45-59 years age group, those with low level of income and with a low level of education. CONCLUSION When physicians encounter women who have experienced violence, by evaluating the violence in the context of a legal case, violence is identified and not allowed to become a cycle passed from generation to generation, and in addition to the medical intervention, without forgetting that violence is a public health problem, it is necessary to find a way to provide psychosocial and legal support for the victim.

Pernicious effects of long-term, continuous 900-MHz electromagnetic field throughout adolescence on hippocampus morphology, biochemistry and pyramidal neuron numbers in 60-day-old Sprague Dawley male rats ☆

The central nervous system (CNS) begins developing in the intrauterine period, a process that continues until adulthood. Contact with chemical substances, drugs or environmental agents such as electromagnetic field (EMF) during adolescence therefore has the potential to disturb the development of the morphological architecture of components of the CNS (such as the hippocampus). The hippocampus is essential to such diverse functions as memory acquisition and integration and spatial maneuvering. EMF can result in severe damage to both the morphology of the hippocampus and its principal functions during adolescence. Although children and adolescents undergo greater exposure to EMF than adults, the information currently available regarding the effects of exposure to EMF during this period is as yet insufficient. This study investigated the 60-day-old male rat hippocampus following exposure to 900 megahertz (MHz) EMF throughout the adolescent period using stereological, histopathological and biochemical analysis techniques. Eighteen male Sprague Dawley rats aged 21days were assigned into control, sham and EMF groups on a random basis. No procedure was performed on the control group rats. The EMF group (EMFGr) was exposed to a 900-MHz EMF for 1h daily from beginning to end of adolescence. The sham group rats were held in the EMF cage but were not exposed to EMF. All rats were sacrificed at 60days of age. Their brains were extracted and halved. The left hemispheres were set aside for biochemical analyses and the right hemispheres were subjected to stereological and histopathological evaluation. Histopathological examination revealed increased numbers of pyknotic neurons with black or dark blue cytoplasm on EMFGr slides stained with cresyl violet. Stereological analyses revealed fewer pyramidal neurons in EMFGr than in the other two groups. Biochemical analyses showed an increase in malondialdehyde and glutathione levels, but a decrease in catalase levels in EMFGr. Our results indicate that oxidative stress-related morphological damage and pyramidal neuron loss may be observed in the rat hippocampus following exposure to 900-MHz EMF throughout the adolescent period.

Special Balance Developer Training Applications on Young Males' Static and Dynamic Balance Performance

Abstract The propose of the present research was to determine the static and dynamic balance performance of eleven year old young males and examine the effect of special balance trainings on balance performance. The sample of the research included 75 young males - 25 athletes, 25 sedentary and 25 control groups. At the beginning of the study, a balance developer was applied to athletes and sedentary group for two months (8 weeks) after the results of pre-test balance measurements were taken. At the end of the special training program, the balance development level was determined by post-test application. Research findings showed that balance development in special training program provided developments for athletes and sedentary groups compared with control groups (P<0.05). Finally, it was thought that special balance education program can improve athletes’ and sedentarys’ balance capability by participating at sports clubs’ substructure education and primary schools’ physical education lesson curriculums.

Assessment of heat generation during implant insertion

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Many studies have investigated the heat generated during implant preparation, but data are needed to better predict heat generation during implant insertion. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to measure the heat generated during insertion of an implant at speeds of 30, 50, and 100 rpm, and with manual insertion. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-four uniform fresh bovine femoral cortical bone specimens were used. After the cortical bone was drilled, 3 different implant insertion speeds and the manual insertion of the implant were evaluated for 2 different implant diameters. The temperature was measured with 2 Teflon-insulated, type K thermocouples. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA, and the Tukey honestly significant difference test (α=.05). RESULTS The highest thermal change for 4.1-mm-diameter implants was found at a speed of 100 rpm (9.81°C ±2.29°C), and the lowest thermal change was 3.69°C ±0.85°C at a speed of 30 rpm. A statistically significant difference was found between 100 rpm and the other 3 insertion procedures. The highest thermal change for a 4.8-mm-diameter implant was found at a speed of 100 rpm (8.79°C ±1.53°C), and the lowest thermal change was 4.48°C ±0.85°C at a speed of 30 rpm. No statistical difference was observed with manual, 30 rpm, and 50 rpm; however, a statistically significant difference was found between 100 rpm and the other 3 insertion procedures. CONCLUSIONS Manual implant insertion and at speeds of 30 rpm and 50 rpm generated lower heat compared with insertion at 100 rpm.

An Investigation of the Leptin Levels of Footballers and Wrestlers in Terms of Aerobic Capacity

Abstract The purpose of the present study is to investigate the association among the leptin levels and aerobic capacities of footballers, wrestlers and sedentary group. The study included a total of 130 volunteers (43 footballers, 41 wrestlers and 46 sedentary). The results showed a statistically significant difference between footballers and the sedentary group in terms of leptin levels both male and female. Leptin levels of the females were significantly higher than the males for all groups while MaxVO2 levels of the males were significantly higher than the males for all groups. The correlations between serum leptin levels and MaxVO2 levels of both males and females were no significant in all groups. Besides, as the aerobic capacity of the groups who did sports increased, their serum leptin levels decreased. Consequently, it can be ascertained that serum leptin levels of footballers and wrestlers are lower than those of the sedentary group and this difference is caused by the athletes’ aerobic capacities.

Assessment of the mental health of carers according to the stage of patients with diagnosis of Alzheimer-type dementia

In this study, the aims were to assess the mental health state of carers for patients with Alzheimer-type dementia (AD) according to stage of disease and to collect data with the aim of determining precautions to reduce the load of the patient and disease on the carer. The study included 120 patients with stages determined, according to the clinical dementia rating scale (CDR), and 120 patient relatives above the age of 18 who cared for these patients every day, for the whole day or part of the day, and who accepted participation in the research. This prospective and cross-sectional study performed a detailed neurological examination of patients, and after completing the “personal information form” with the interviewer, each patient had CDR and mini-mental test (MMSE) applied to determine stage of dementia and physical state. Carers first completed the “personal information form” and then had the short symptom inventory (SSI) applied. According to the stage of patients, there were significant differences determined in the points for all sub-scales belonging to the SSI of carers. As the disease stage increased, all sub-scale points for the SSI increased. With the transition of disease stages from 0.5–1 to stage 2, from stage 2 to 3, and with the inverse reduction in MMT scores, the points obtained by carers on the SSI sub-scales increased. This data shows that with progressing disease stage, the load on the carer increases and mental health begins to dysfunction.

Jersey ineklerinde süt verim özelliklerine ait genetik ve çevresel parametrelerin tahmini

Bu calismanin amaci, Turkiye’nin Samsun ilinde bulunan Karakoy Tarim Isletmesi’nde yetistirilen Jersey ineklerinin test gunu sut verimi (TGSV), laktasyon sut verimi (LSV), 305-gun sut verimi (305-GSV), sut yag orani (YO) ve sut protein orani (PO) icin genetik parametre ve cevresel faktorleri tahmin etmektir. Veriler, 2011 ve 2013 yillari arasinda buzagilamis 170 bas inegin 279 sut verim kaydindan elde edilmistir. Laktasyon sirasi, buzagilama mevsimi ve buzagilama yili sabit faktorler olarak dikkate alinmistir. Kalitim derecesi, eklemeli genetik varyans ve fenotipik varyans, bireysel hayvan modelinde MTDFREML ile tahmin edilmistir. Varyans analiz sonuclari, YO haric, TGSV, LSV, 305-GSV, YO ve PO uzerine laktasyon sirasi ve buzagilama yilinin etkilerinin istatistiksel olarak onemli oldugunu gostermistir ( P<0.05) . Ancak, buzagilama mevsimi TGSV, LSV, 305-GSV, YO ve PO’ni etkilememistir. TGSV, LSV, 305-GSV, YO ve PO icin kalitim dereceleri sirasiyla 0.38, 0.30, 0.28, 0.19 ve 0.36 olarak tahmin edilmistir. TGSV, LSV, 305-GSV, YO ve PO icin tekrarlama dereceleri ise 0.35 ile 0.45 arasindadir. Sonuclar, bu ozelliklerin bu surude Jersey sigirlarin genetik olarak iyilestirilmesinde bir seleksiyon kriterleri olarak kullanilabilecegini gostermektedir.