Soner Demirel

Evaluation of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, macula and ganglion cell thickness in amblyopia using spectral optical coherence tomography

AIM To investigate peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), macula and ganglion cell layer thicknesses (GCC) in amblyopic eyes with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS Thirty six patients with a history of unilateral amblyopia and thirty two children who had emmetropia without amblyopia were included in this study. In this institutional study, 36 eyes of 36 patients with amblyopia (AE), 36 fellow eyes without amblyopia (FE), and 32 eyes of 32 normal subjects (NE) were included. RNFL, GCC and macular thickness measurements were performed with RS-3000 OCT Retina Scan (Nidek Inc CA. USA). RESULTS The mean global thicknesses of the RNFL were 113.22±21.47, 111.57±18.25, 109.96±11.31µm in the AE, FE, and NE, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference for mean global RNFL thickness among the eyes (P=0.13). The mean thicknesses of the macula were 258.25±18.31, 258.75±19.54, 248.62±10.57µm in the AE, FE and NE, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference for thickness of macula among the eyes (P=0.06). The GCC was investigated into two parts: superior and inferior. The mean thicknesses of superior GCC were 102.57±13.32, 103.32±10.64, 100.52±5.88µm in the AE, FE, and NE, respectively. The mean thicknesses of inferior GCC were 103.82±12.60, 107.82±12.33, 105.86±10.79µm in the AE, FE and NE, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference for thickness of superior and inferior GCC between the eyes (P=0.63, P=0.46). CONCLUSION The macular thicknesses of AE and FE were greater than the NE, although it was not statistically significant. Amblyopia does not seem to have a profound effect on the RNFL, macula and GCC.

Endoscopic Transcanalicular Diode Laser Dacryocystorhinostomy: Is It an Alternative Method to Conventional External Dacryocystorhinostomy?

Purpose: To compare the success rates of endoscopic transcanalicular diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy (EL-DCR) and external DCR. Materials and Methods: Operations were performed on 55 eyes of 54 patients who had distal nasolacrimal canal obstruction. External DCR was performed on 29 of the eyes and EL-DCR on 26 of them. Success was defined based on subjective relief of patients reported at their final examinations. Results: There were 23 women and 6 men in group 1 and 19 women and 6 men in group 2 (p = 0.77). The mean ages of groups were 45.24 ± 12.08 (range, 15–74) and 43.2 ± 17.01 (range, 11–72) years, respectively (p = 0.63). The mean follow-up times were 8.82 ± 5.51 (range, 3–18) and 7.12 ± 2.96 (range, 2–12) months, respectively in groups (p = 0.58). The success rates based on symptoms were measured at 25 of 29 (86%) and 17 of 25 (68%) for 2 groups. The difference in the success rates was higher but not found to be statistically significant (p = 0.202). The authors found various conditions related to nasal passage in 4 of 8 unsuccessful EL-DCR, including allergic rhinitis, nasal crust, silicone tube reaction, and unsuitable passage for endoscopic surgery. Conclusions: The success rate of EL-DCR was lower than that of the external DCR; however, no statistically significant difference was observed. Endoscopic transcanalicular diode laser DCR may be considered as an alternative method to external DCR with these results.

Effects of third generation mobile phone-emitted electromagnetic radiation on oxidative stress parameters in eye tissue and blood of rats

Purpose: To investigate the effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted by a third generation (3G) mobile phone on the antioxidant and oxidative stress parameters in eye tissue and blood of rats. Methods: Eighteen Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into two groups: Group I (n = 9) received a standardized a daily dose of 3G mobile phone EMR for 20 days, and Group II served as the control group (n = 9), receiving no exposure to EMR. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) levels were measured in eye tissues; in addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced GSH levels were measured in blood. Results: There was no significant difference between groups in GSH-Px (p = 0.99) and CAT (p = 0.18) activity in eye tissue. There was no significant difference between groups in MDA (p = 0.69) and GSH levels (p = 0.83) in blood. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that under a short period of exposure, 3G mobile phone radiation does not lead to harmful effects on eye tissue and blood in rats.

Effective management of exposure keratopathy developed in intensive care units: The impact of an evidence based eye care education programme

OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of eye care education on the incidence of corneal exposure in intensive care units (ICU). RESEARCH METHODOLOGY/DESIGN Approximately 300 ICU personnel were educated about eye care to reduce the incidence of corneal exposure. The patients were divided into two groups: pre-training (Group 1: Between February 1, 2011 and March 31, 2011 [2 months]) and post-training periods (Group 2: Between April 1, 2011 and April 1 2012 [1 year]). We compared the groups for keratopathy incidence to evaluate the efficacy of this education. RESULTS The number of patients were 762 in Group 1 and 6196 in Group 2 (p = 0.335). Medians of patients followed in pre training ICU and post training ICU for each month were found to be 476 (interquartile range, 433-539) and 515 (interquartile range, 490-528). Exposure keratopathy was identified in 8 eyes of 6 patients (3 males and 3 females) in pre training ICU with the mean age of 27.6 ± 31.8 years and 5 eyes of 3 patients (1 male and 2 females) in post training ICU with the mean age of 41.3 ± 32.1 years. No significant difference was noticed between two groups in terms of the medians of patients followed in ICUs for each month (p=0.335). The time of hospitalisation in ICU when the patients were consulted for the first ocular assessment in pre training ICU and post training ICU were found to be 13 ± 8.7 days and 8 ± 1.7 days, respectively. After the training, the decrease in incidence of exposure keratopathy was found to be highly significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION We observed a highly significant reduction in the incidence of corneal exposure, following the eye-care education programme.

Influence of corneal parameters in keratoconus on IOP readings obtained with different tonometers

Accurate intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement is important but of unsure reliability in patients with keratoconus. Different types and models of tonometers are available. This study investigated the influence of corneal parameters on IOP readings obtained by a Goldmann applanation tonometer, a non‐contact tonometer and a dynamic contour tonometer.

Traumatic Optic Neuropathy and Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Following Blunt Ocular Trauma

We present a case as a rare sign of traumatic optic neuropathy and central retinal artery occlusion following blunt ocular trauma. A 10-year-old child suffered complete loss of the vision of one eye following a blunt ocular injury. He sustained an occlusion of the central retinal artery and traumatic optic neurupathy of the affected eye. Isolated cases of central retinal vessel occlusions and traumatic optic neurapathy following ocular blunt trauma are rare conditions. Clinicians to be aware of the potential for blunt ocular trauma to cause optic nerve damage and retinal vessel occlusions. Keywords Blunt ocular trauma; Retinal artery occlusion; Traumatic optic neuropathy

Social phobia and other psychiatric problems in children with strabismus

OBJECTIVE To investigate the rate of social phobia, anxiety, depression, and other psychiatric problems in children with strabismus. DESIGN Prospective, cross-sectional, case-control study. PARTICIPANTS Forty-two children with strabismus and 47 control subjects 8-13 years of age were enrolled in this study. METHODS After the ophthalmologists examination, all cases were assessed by a psychiatrist based on the structured interview technique of Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children-Present and Lifetime Version (Kiddie-SADS-PL). The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) was administered to each subject to evaluate social phobia. All participants completed the Childrens Depression Inventory (CDI). RESULTS Age as well as sex and income were comparable between the strabismus patients and control groups. Social phobia was diagnosed in 8 (19.04%) of the 42 strabismic children and in 1 (2.12%) of the control subjects. The CDI and SCARED (total score, social phobia, separation anxiety) scores of strabismus patients were significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.001, p = 0.004, p = 0.0001, p = 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS A relationship between strabismus in children and social phobia, depression, and anxiety on a symptom basis was underlined by our data.

Iris Abscess as an Unusual Presentation of Endogenous Endophthalmitis after Intramuscular Injection

Purpose: To report a case of iris abscess due to endogenous endophthalmitis after an intramuscular injection complicated with gluteal abcess. Method: A 65-year-old female presented with decreased vision and burning pain in her right eye, 2 weeks after an intramuscular injection. Results: Iris abscess and hypopyon with a fibrinous exudate was noted in the anterior chamber of the right eye. Blood culture and anterior chamber paracentesis was positive for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions: The authors believe this to be the first case of an iris abscess due to gluteal abscess after intramuscular injection.

Superior Ophthalmic Vein Thrombosis Developed after Orbital Cellulitis

Abstract A 65-year-old female patient presented with eye pain, swelling and blurred vision in the left eye. Routine biochemistry and microbiological analyzes were conducted. Orbital tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and cerebral angiography were performed. Orbital cellulitis due to a complication of ethmoidal sinusitis was diagnosed with thrombosis of the SOV in the patient. Systemic broad-spectrum antibiotic and anticoagulant therapy was started on the patient. The patients symptoms were recorded at the end of two weeks of the treatment.

Modified Temporary Eyelid Margin Suture for Correction of Congenital Horizontal Tarsal Kink: A Novel Surgical Technique

Purpose: Tarsal kink is a rare congenital eyelid anomaly that may lead to corneal opacity and amblyopia secondary to severe entropion. The authors aimed to describe a modified temporary lid margin suture method for tarsal kink correction. Method: In this novel surgical technique, a double-armed 6/0 prolene suture was passed through the upper eyelid and the lower eyelid margins to correct the tarsal kink under topical anesthesia. Result: The authors found that this procedure was very effective and successful for correction of tarsal kink with no incision of the tarsus or eyelid skin, providing a low risk of amblyopia. Conclusion: The modified temporal lid margin suture is a simple, practical, and effective procedure for tarsal kink correction.