Sônia A. Casari

Review of the genus Chalcolepidius Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Agrypninae)

The genus Chalcolepidius is revised. Type specimens of 65 nominal species, except C. costatus Pjatakowa, 1941, C. fleutiauxi Pjatakowa, 1941 and C. viriditarsus Schwarz, 1906, are examined. Eighty five species are studied, of which 34 are synonymyzed and 12 new species described; three species, C. alicii Pjatakowa, 1941, C. haroldi Candeze, 1878 and C. unicus Fleutiaux, 1910, formely included in this genus, are not congeneric and are removed; C. validus Candeze, 1857 is revalidated. The genus is now formed by 63 species. Redescriptions, illustrations and a key for the examined species, and a cladistic analysis for groups of species are also included. New synonyms established: C. apacheanus Casey, 1891 = C. simulans Casey, 1907 syn. nov. = C. acuminatus Casey, 1907 syn. nov. = C. nobilis Casey, 1907 syn. nov.; C. approximatus Erichson, 1841 = C. aztecus Casey, 1907 syn. nov. = C. niger Pjatakowa, 1941 syn. nov.; C. attenuatus Erichson, 1841 = C. cuneatus Champion, 1894 syn. nov. = C. tenuis Champion, 1894 syn. nov.; C. aurulentus Candeze, 1874 = C. candezei Dohrn, 1881 syn. nov. = C. grossheimi Pjatakowa, 1941 syn. nov.; C. bomplandii Guerin, 1844 = C. humboldti Candeze, 1881 syn. nov.; C. chalcantheus Candeze, 1857 = C. violaceous Pjatakowa, 1941 syn. nov.; C. cyaneus Candeze, 1881 = C. scitus Candeze, 1889 syn. nov. = C. abbreviatovittatus Pjatakowa, 1941 syn. nov.; C. desmarestii Chevrolat, 1835 = C. brevicollis Casey, 1907 syn. nov.; C. gossipiatus Guerin, 1844 = C. erichsonii Guerin-Meneville, 1844 syn. nov. = C. lemoinii Candeze, 1857 syn. nov.; C. inops Candeze, 1886 = C. murinus Champion, 1894 syn. nov.; C. jansoni Candeze, 1874 = C. mucronatus Candeze, 1889 syn. nov.; C. lacordairii Candeze, 1857 = C. exquisitus Candeze, 1886 syn. nov. = C. monachus Candeze, 1893 syn. nov.; C. lenzi Candeze, 1886 = C. behrensi Candeze, 1886 syn. nov.; C. oxydatus Candeze, 1857 = C. jekeli Candeze, 1874 syn. nov.; C. porcatus (Linnaeus, 1767) = C. peruanus Candeze, 1886 syn. nov. = C. flavostriatus Pjatakowa, 1941 syn. nov. = C. herbstii multistriatus Golbach, 1977 syn. nov.; C. rugatus Candeze, 1857 = C. amictus Casey, 1907 syn. nov.; C. smaragdinus LeConte, 1854 = C. ostentus Casey, 1907 syn. nov. = C. rectus Casey, 1907 syn. nov.; C. sulcatus (Fabricius, 1777) = C. herbstii Erichson, 1841 syn. nov; C. virens (Fabricius, 1787) = C. perrisi Candeze, 1857 syn. nov.; C. virginalis Candeze, 1857 = C. championi Casey, 1907 syn. nov.; C. viridipilis (Say, 1825) = C. debilis Casey, 1907 syn. nov.; C. webbi LeConte, 1854 = C. sonoricus Casey, 1907 syn. nov.; C. zonatus Eschscholtz, 1829 = C. longicollis Candeze, 1857 syn. nov. New species described: C. albisetosus sp. nov. (Ecuador), C. albiventris sp. nov. (Mexico: Veracruz), C. copulatuvittatus sp. nov. (Venezuela), C. extenuatuvittatus sp. nov. (Venezuela), C. fasciatus sp. nov. (Mexico: Durango), C. ferratuvittatus sp. nov. (Ecuador), C. proximus sp. nov. (Mexico: Sinaloa), C. serricornis sp. nov. (Mexico: Veracruz), C. spinipennis sp. nov. (Mexico: Veracruz), C. supremus sp. nov. (Venezuela), C. truncuvittatus sp. nov. (Mexico: Tamaulipas) and C. virgatipennis sp. nov. (Mexico: Durango). Redescribed species: C. angustatus Candeze, 1857, C. apacheanus Casey, 1891, C. approximatus Erichson, 1841, C. attenuatus Erichson, 1841, C. aurulentus Candeze, 1874, C. bomplandii Guerin-Meneville, 1844, C. boucardi Candeze, 1874, C. chalcantheus Candeze, 1857, C. corpulentus Candeze, 1874, C. cyaneus Candeze, 1881, C. desmarestii Chevrolat, 1835, C. dugesi Candeze, 1886, C. erythroloma Candeze, 1857, C. eschscholtzi Chevrolat, 1833, C. exulatus Candeze, 1874, C. fabricii Erichson, 1841, C. forreri Candeze, 1886, C. fryi Candeze, 1874, C. gossipiatus Guerin-Meneville, 1844, C. inops Candeze, 1886, C. jansoni Candeze, 1874, C. lacordairii Candeze, 1857, C. lafargi Chevrolat, 1835, C. lenzi Candeze, 1886, C. limbatus (Fabricius, 1777), C. mexicanus Castelnau, 1836, C. mniszechi Candeze, 1881, C. mocquerysii Candeze, 1857, C. morio Candeze, 1857, C. obscurus Castelnau, 1836, C. oxydatus Candeze, 1857, C. porcatus (Linnaeus, 1767), C. pruinosus Erichson, 1841, C. rodriguezi Candeze, 1886, C. rostainei Candeze, 1889, C. rubripennis LeConte, 1861, C. rugatus Candeze, 1857, C. silbermanni Chevrolat, 1835, C. smaragdinus LeConte, 1854, C. sulcatus (Fabricius, 1777), C. tartarus Fall, 1898, C. validus Candeze, 1857, reval., C. villei Candeze, 1878, C. virens (Fabricius, 1787), C. virginalis Candeze, 1857, C. viridipilis (Say, 1825), C. webbi LeConte, 1854, C. zonatus Eschscholtz, 1829.

A phylogenetic study of the subtribe Dicrepidiina (Elateridae, Elaterinae, Ampedini)

It is presented a cladistic analysis of the Dicrepidiina aiming to test the monophyletism of the subtribe and to establish the relationships among the genera. The subtribe is composed by 36 genera and all of them, except Asebis, Lamononia, Neopsephus, Semiotopsis and Spilomorphus were included in the analysis. Fifty two species, especially the type-species of each genus were studied: Achrestus flavocinctus (Candeze, 1859), A. venustus Champion, 1895, Adiaphorus gracilis Schwarz, 1901, A. ponticerianus Candeze, 1859, Anoplischiopsis bivittatus Champion, 1895, Anoplischius bicarinatus Candeze, 1859, A. conicus Candeze, 1900, A. haematopus Candeze, 1859, A. pyronotus Candeze, 1859, Atractosomus flavescens (Germar, 1839), Blauta cribraria (Germar, 1844), Calopsephus apicalis (Schwarz, 1903), Catalamprus angustus (Fleutiaux, 1902), Crepidius flabellifer (Erichson, 1847), C. resectus Candeze, 1859, Cyathodera auripilosus Costa, 1968, C. lanugicollis (Candeze, 1859), C. longicornis Blanchard, 1843, Dayakus angularis Candeze, 1893, Dicrepidius ramicornis (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805), Dipropus brasilianus (Germar, 1824), D. factuellus Candeze, 1859, D. laticollis (Eschscholtz, 1829), D. pinguis (Candeze, 1859), D. schwarzi (Becker, 1961), Elius birmanicus Candeze, 1893, E. dilatatus Candeze, 1878, Heterocrepidius gilvellus Candeze, 1859, H. ventralis Guerin-Meneville, 1838, Lampropsephus cyaneus (Candeze, 1878), Loboederus appendiculatus (Perty, 1830), Olophoeus gibbus Candeze, 1859, Ovipalpus pubescens Solier, 1851, Pantolamprus ligneus Candeze, 1896, P. mirabilis Candeze, 1896, P. perpulcher Westwood, 1842, Paraloboderus glaber Golbach, 1990, Proloboderus crassipes Fleutiaux, 1912, Propsephus beniensis (Candeze, 1859), P. cavifrons (Erichson, 1843), Pseudolophoeus guineensis (Candeze, 1881), Rhinopsephus apicalis (Schwarz, 1903), Sephilus formosanus Schwarz, 1912, S. frontalis Candeze, 1878, Singhalenus gibbus Candeze, 1892, S. taprobanicus Candeze, 1859, Sphenomerus antennalis Candeze, 1859, S. brunneus Candeze, 1865, Spilus atractomorphus Candeze, 1859, S. nitidus Candeze, 1859, Stenocrepidius simonii Fleutiaux, 1891 and Trielasmus varians Blanchard, 1846. Chalcolepidius zonatus (Hemirhipini, Agrypninae), Ctenicera silvatica (Prosternini, Prosterninae), and species of the other subtribes of Ampedini (Elaterinae): Ampedus sanguineus (Ampedina), Melanotus spernendus (Melanotina) and Anchastus digittatus and Physorhinus xanthocephalus (Physorhinina) were used as outgroups. The results of the phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that Dicrepidiina, as formerly defined, does not form a monophyletic group. One genus, represented by Ovipalpus pubescens, was removed from the subtribe. The subtribe is characterized by presence of lamella under 2nd and 3rd tarsomeres of all legs. Also, it was revealed that the genera Achrestus, Anoplischius, Dipropus and Propsephus are not monophyletic. Due to the scarcity of information, all the studied species are redescribed and illustrated.

Larvae of Alaus myops, A. oculatus, Chalcolepidius porcatus, Hemirhipus apicalis and generic larval characterization (Elateridae, Agrypninae, Hemirhipini)

Larva of Hemirhipus Latreille, 1825 is herein described for the first time. Larvae of Chalcolepidius porcatus (Linnaeus, 1767), from Peru, and Hemirhipus apicalis Candeze, 1857, from Argentina, are described and of Alaus myops (Fabricius, 1801), from USA (Illinois and Maryland), and A. oculatus (Linnaeus, 1758), from USA (Illinois and Florida), are redescribed and illustrated. A comparison among the known larvae in each genus is presented. An historical review and the larval characterization of five genera and fourteen species of Hemirhipini genera are also included.

Cladistic analysis of Hemirhipini with establishment of Propalaus gen. nov. (Coleoptera, Elateridae, agrypninae)

Esse artigo apresenta uma analise cladistica da tribo Hemirhipini. Estao incluidos na analise, 20 generos de Hemirhipini (sensu Casari-Chen 1994), Saltamartinus Casari (1996b) (Hemirhipini), 6 generos excluidos de Hemirhipini e mantidos em Pyrophorinae (= Agrypninae) (Casari-Chen 1993) e tambem, Aphileus Candeze (1857), Pyrophorus Billberg (1820) e Thoramus Sharp (1877). As especies-tipo da maioria dos generos e todas as especies dos generos Americanos (exceto Saltamartinus viduus (Chevrolat 1867)) foram analisadas. Essa analise demonstrou que 30 generos pertencem a Hemirhipini: Abiphis Fleutiaux (1926), Alaolacon Candeze (1865), Alaomorphus Hauser (1900), Alaus Eschscholtz (1829), Aliteus Candeze (1857), Anthracalaus Fairmaire (1888), Aphileus Candeze (1857), Austrocalais Neboiss (1967), Calais Castelnau (1836), Catelanus Fleutiaux (1942), Chalcolepidius Eschscholtz (1829), Chalcolepis Candeze (1857), Conobajulus Van Zwaluwenburg (1940), Coryleus Fleutiaux (1942), Cryptalaus Ohira (1967), Eleuphemus Hyslop (1921), Eumoeus Candeze (1874), Fusimorphus Fleutiaux (1942), Hemirhipus Latreille (1829), Lacais Fleutiaux (1942), Lycoreus Candeze (1857), Mocquerysia Fleutiaux (1899), Neocalais Girard (1971), Pherhimius Fleutiaux (1942), Phibisa Fleutiaux (1942), Propalaus gen. nov., Pseudocalais Girard (1971), Saltamartinus Casari (1996), Tetrigus Candeze (1857) e Thoramus Sharp (1877). As especies incluidas em Alaus nao formam um grupo monofiletico e o genero Propalaus gen. nov. foi estabelecido para incluir Alaus alicii (Pjatakowa 1941) e A. haroldi (Candeze 1878). A descricao de Propalaus gen. nov. (especie-tipo: Chalcolepidius haroldi Candeze, 1878) e uma nova chave para os generos de Hemirhipini tambem estao presentes.

Larva, pupa and adult of Aeolus cinctus Candèze (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Agrypninae)

Larva and pupa of Aeolus cinctus Candeze, 1859 are described and adult redescribed. The larvae were collected inside termite nests and reared in laboratory. This is the first description of Aeolus immatures from Neotropical region and the second to the genus. Besides, it is the first record to the genus inside termite nest. The comparison with larva of A. mellilus (Say) is also presented.

New species of Alaus Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Elateridae, Agrypninae, Hemirhipini)

Abstract Four new species of Alaus Eschscholtz, 1829 are described: A. cinnamomeus n. sp., A. latlpennls n. sp., A. serlceus n. sp. and A. thoracopunctatus n. sp. Three species removed from Chalcolepldlus Eschscholtz, 1829, are transferred to this genus: A. allcll (Pjatakowa, 1941) n. comb., A. haroldl (Candèze, 1878) n.comb. and A. unlcus (Fleutiaux, 1910) n. comb. The characters of external morphology of these seven species and male and female genitalia, when available, are described and illustrated. An identification key for all species of the genus is included: A. allcll (Pjatakowa, 1941) n. comb., A. calcarlpllosus Casari, 1996, A. cinnamomeus n. sp., A. haroldl (Candèze, 1878) n. comb., A. latlpennls n. sp., A. lusclosus (Hope, 1832), A. melanops Leconte, 1863, A. myops (Fabricius, 1801), A. nobllls Sallé, 1855, A. oculatus (Linnaeus, 1758), A. patrlclus (Candèze, 1857), A. plebejus Candèze, 1874, A. serlceus n. sp., A. thoracopunctatus n. sp., A. tricolor (Olivier, 1790), A. unlcus (Fleutiaux, 1910) n. comb., A. veracruzanus Casari, 1996 and A. zunianus Casey, 1893.

A new species and redescriptions of three species of Atractosomus Lacordaire from Brazil (Elateridae, Elaterinae)

A new species, Atractosomus amazonicus sp. nov. is described and three species, A. robustus Candeze, 1859, A. carinatus Candeze, 1859 and A. conicicollis Candeze, 1859 are redescribed and illustrated. A comparison among these species and with the type-species, A. flavescens (Germar 1839) is presented. A.amazonicus sp. nov. and A. robustus belong to group of species with 3rd and 4th antennomeres equal in size and the other studied species, to group with 3rd antennomere smaller than 4th.

Immatures of Heterispa vinula (Erichson) and physocoryna scabra Guérin-Méneville (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae, Chalepini)

Larva and pupa of Heterispa vinula (Erichson, 1847) and larva of Physocorina scabra Guerin-Meneville, 1844 are described and illustrated. The material of H. vinula was collected feeding on Sida carpinifolia (L.f.) K. Schum (Malvaceae) in the city of Sao Paulo (Ipiranga and Mooca districts), and of P. scabra on acerola (Malpighia glabra L.) (Malpighiacea) in Cruz das Almas, Bahia. Larvae of genus Physocorina are described for the first time.

DESCRIPTIONS AND BIOLOGICAL NOTES OF IMMATURES OF MICROCTENOCHIRA DIFFICILIS (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE, HISPINAE, CASSIDINI)

Descriptions and illustrations of egg, larva and pupa of Microctenochira difficilis (Boheman, 1855) are presented for the first time. Biological notes and bionomic informations are also included. Eggs, larvae, pupae and adults were collected on Tabebuia sp. (Bignoniaceae) in Monjolinho arboretum at Centro Experimental Santa Elisa, Campinas, State of Sao Paulo, and kept in laboratory for rearing.

DESCRIPTION OF LARVA AND PUPA OF PARACALAIS PROSECTUS (CANDEZE) (ELATERIDAE, AGRYPNINAE, HEMIRHIPINI)

Larva and pupa of Paracalais prosectus (Candeze, 1857) from Eastern Australia are described and illustrated. Larvae were collected under bark of decayed log of Pinus ellioti, together with Cerambycidae larva. Up to now, only the larva of Paracalis gibboni (Newman, 1857) was described.