Sonia Maria Miranda Pereira

Prevalência de papilomavirus humano (HPV) anal, genital e oral, em ambulatório geral de coloproctologia

Anal Human Papilomavirus (HPV) has a high prevalence and incidence in the population. The purpose of this project is to verify the prevalence of anal, oral and genital HPV at the Coloproctology Clinic, based on the hybrid capture exam. Sixty four patients were assisted at the clinic from November 22nd to December 20th 2005. Clinical, personal and behavioral data of the patients were set up in a prospective way. The group profile was identified as not being a risky one to HPV. No patient of this group, when was assisted, had complained of or had presented any symptoms of HPV or any other sexually transmitted disease (STD). From each patient it was collected a mouth sample, a vulva/penis sample and an anus sample. The result indicated that of the 15,62% of the patients that had anal, oral, or genital HPV; 4,68% of them presented anal HPV, one person with high risk of HPV to neoplasia had it associated to genital HPV; another one had a medium risk HPV and other a low risk one. The conclusion is that the prevalence of anal, genital and oral HPV was high, among this number, 4,68% suffers from anal HPV and among HPV positive patient 30% had anal pain as the main complainty.

Analysis of human kallikrein 7 expression as a potential biomarker in cervical neoplasia.

Overexpression of kallikrein 7, a proteolytic enzyme important for epithelial cell shedding, may be causally involved in carcinogenesis, particularly in tumor metastasis and invasion. In this study, we have evaluated hK7 (human kallikrein 7) protein levels by immunohistochemistry in 367 cervical histological samples including 35 cases of cervicitis, 31 low‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, 51 high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (H‐SIL), 197 squamous cervical carcinomas (SCC) and 53 cervical adenocarcinomas. We have observed that hK7 staining increased with the severity of cervical disease. Intense hK7 staining was found in 15.2% of cervicitis samples, in contrast to 55% of H‐SIL and 68% of SCC. Moreover, 92.5% of adenocarcinomas also exhibited intense hK7 staining. Differences in the expression of hK7 could potentially be used as a biomarker for the characterization of different stages of cervical disease.

Progression of cervical lesions in HIV-seropositive women : A cytological study

It has been reported that cervical intraepithelial lesions have a more aggressive course in HIV‐seropositive than in HIV‐seronegative women. In the present investigation, the progression of these cervical lesions was studied in a group of HIV‐seropositive women. Of 1,587 patients, 200 (12.6%) had a cytological diagnosis of squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) or invasive carcinoma. In 409 patients, more than one cytological smear was collected in 3½ years. Progression occurred in 39 cases. In 24 (61.5%), the first diagnosis was benign cellular changes (BCC) and the second was low‐grade SIL (LSIL) (1‐yr interval in 21 cases); in 11 (28.2%), the first was BCC, and the second, high‐grade SIL (HSIL) (1‐yr interval in 9 cases); in 2 (5.0%), the first diagnosis was LSIL. and the second, HSIL (1‐yr interval); in 2 (5.0%), the first was HSIL, and the second, invasive carcinoma (2‐yr interval). These results point to the importance of cervical cytologic surveillance in HIV‐seropositive patients. Diagn. Cytopathol. 24:117–119, 2001.

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in adolescents: study of cytological findings between 1987 and 1995 in São Paulo State-Brazil.

Abstract. The purpose of the present study was to ascertain the frequency of Pap smears abnormalities (SIL/carcinoma) in two populations in the State of S. Paulo (Brazil) who were screened for cervical cancer during the last nine years: adolescents (up to the age of 21) and adults (over 21). Statistical analysis showed a tendency to linear increase in frequency of abnormal Pap smears in both groups (adolescent: slope = 0.118±0.56; adult: slope = 0.079±0.021), being greater in the adolescent group (slope 0.039±0.038) than in the adult group. Between 1987 and 1995 the prevalence of abnormal smears tripled in the adult group (from 0.37 to 1.18) and almost quadruplicated in the adolescent group (from 0.64 to 2.10). Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) were the most frequent findings in cervical cytology in both groups: 92.3% in the adolescent group and 69.8% in the adult group. Few cases of high grade squamous intrapeithelial lesions (HSIL) (7.7%) and no cases of carcinoma were found in adolescent population. We suggested that sexually active adolescents should be included in cervical screening programs.

Assessment of acute and subchronic oral toxicity of ethanolic extract of Pothomorphe umbellata L. Miq (Pariparoba)

Existe uma grande preocupacao quanto ao uso seguro de extratos vegetais e, por esta razao, a necessidade de estudos toxicologicos pre-clinicos e clinicos destes extratos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de avaliar a toxicidade aguda e subcronica do extrato hidroalcoolico liofilizado de Pothomorphe umbellata L. Miq., administrado por via oral para animais de laboratorio. O potencial mutagenico do extrato foi tambem avaliado pelo teste do micronucleo. Os resultados dos estudos a curto e medio prazo demonstraram que o extrato nao apresenta propriedades toxicas.

Revisão de esfregaços cervicais negativos em pacientes com lesöes intra-epiteliais de alto grau

Within the strategies of internal quality control, the review of previous negative Papanicolaou smears from patients with diagnosis of CIN 2 or CIN 3 is considered one of the most efficient for detection of false negative results. In the present study we reviewed the previous negative smears of cases with diagnosis of CIN 2 or CIN 3 during the years of 1998 and 1999. During this period the Adolfo Lutz Institute has performed 113.619 Papanicolaou tests; 233 cases were diagnosed as CIN 2 or CIN 3. The cases diagnosed as unsatisfactory were excluded. Among the 36 cases from which there were previous smears in the period of 36 months before the original diagnosis, we found 22 cases of CIN (12 CIN 1, seven CIN 2 and three CIN 3) and 14 cases diagnosed as inflammatory or normal. When those 14 smears were reviewed, the following diagnosis were found: unsatisfactory (two cases), inflammatory (five cases), Ascus (three cases), CIN 1 (three cases), CIN 2 (one case). In conclusion, the review of previous negative Papanicolaou smears is a highly efficient strategy in order to detect false negative results. This practice can be useful as a guide for continued education measures.

Avaliação crítica das nomenclaturas diagnósticas dos exames citopatológicos cervicais utilizadas no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS)

PURPOSE: to identify the nomenclature for reporting cervical cytological diagnoses used by laboratories which render services to the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) and which participate in External Quality Monitoring (MEQ). To evaluate the information acquired from gynecologists of the SUS regarding the various diagnostic classifications that they receive in the cervical cytology diagnostic reports. METHODS: we evaluated 94 cytology reports issued by laboratories which participate in the MEQ in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and 126 questionnaires applied to gynecologists who work for the SUS. RESULTS: out of the 94 laboratories, 81 (86.2%) use one diagnostic classification: 79 (97.6%) use the Brazilian Nomenclature for Cytological Reports (NBLC), 1 (1.2%) uses the Papanicolaou classification and 1 (1.2%) uses the Richart diagnostic classification. Of the 13 (13.8%) laboratories that use more than one classification, 5 use 2 types and 8 use 3 to 4 types, with 9 including the Papanicolau diagnostic classification. The study showed that 52 (55.3%) laboratories presented more than one descriptive diagnosis in the same report. Out of the 126 gynecologists who filled out a questionnaire evaluating the cytopathology reports, 78 (61.9 %) stated that they received laboratory reports with only one diagnostic classification, 48 (38.1%) received reports with more than one classification and 2 received reports with all 4 classifications. Among the 93 (73.8%) gynecologists who prefer only one classification, 56 (60.2%) claimed that the NBLC contributes to clinical practice, 13 (14.0%) opted for the Richart classification, 8 (8.6%) for the Reagan classification and 16 (17.2%) for the Papanicolaou classification. Out of 33 (26.2%) gynecologists who prefer more than one classification, 5 opted for the 4 classifications. CONCLUSIONS: these data suggest that there is still resistance on the part of pathologists about using the official nomenclature in cytology reports for SUS. There is discrepancy between the information that gynecologists would like to see in the reports and the information provided by the pathologists. Greater efforts should be made to stimulate the use of the official nomenclature.