Sônia Maria Nalesso Marangoni Montes

Dinâmica populacional e incidência de moscas-das-frutas e parasitoides em cultivares de pessegueiros (Prunus Persica L. Batsch) no município de presidente prudente-sp

ABSTRACT - The objectives of this research were evaluate the population dynamic and diversity of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritoidea) on peach cultivars Tropical, Talisma, Aurora 2, Aurora 1, Dourado 2 and Docura 2, under the rootstocks ‘Okinawa’ and Ume, in Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The dynamic popula-tion of fruit flies was correlated with temperature and precipitation. The fruit fly infestation was correlated with chemical characteristics of fruits. During July 2004 to December 2006, the fruit fly population was monitored weekly using McPhail traps. The natural infestation was estimated from 30 fruits of each cultivar collected per year. The experiment was conducted under randomized design with five replications. Ceratitis capitata was dominant on peach cultivars for the both rootstocks. No significant correlations were detected between the fruit fly densities and the temperature and precipitation, and the variables soluble solids and titratable acidity. Among peach cultivars, Aurora 2 presented the highest infestation by C. capitata, reach-ing 22% and 23%, in 2004 and 2006, respectively. Neosilba spp. (Lonchaeidae) was also recovered from peaches. Doryctobracon areolatus (Braconidae), Tetrastichus giffardianus (Eulophidae) and Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Pteromalidae) were recovered from Tephritidae pulparium.Index-terms: peach, rootstocks, population dynamic, Tephritidae, Lonchaeidae.

Características produtivas, físicas e químicas de frutos de cultivares de pessegueiros sobre dois porta-enxertos no oeste do Estado de São Paulo

The objective of the study was to evaluate the physical-chemical characteristics of six peach cultivars over the Okinawa and Ume rootstocks. The experiment was carried out at Polo Regional Alta Sorocabana-APTA, in Presidente Prudente, SP. The parameters evaluated were fruit mass,length, sutural diameter, yield per plant, soluble solids content and titratable acidity. The evaluations allowed to conclude that the rootstocks affected the mass of fruits, and Ume showed bigger average mass. In 2006, the results showed a significative increment of yield in all cultivars, and Docura 2 cultivar when compared to Ume showed values above the average. Docura 2 cultivar when compared to Okinawa root-stock was distinguished by congregating better fruit physical characteristics and yield per plant. Talisma and Dourado 2 cultivars showed fruits with bigger mass, length and sutural diameter of fruits.Tropical cultivar was distinguished by better quality characteristics, without depending on the root-stock.

Micropropagação de baixo custo em bananeira cv. Maçã em meios com diferentes fontes de carbono e avaliação da performance em campo das mudas produzidas

Este trabalho teve como objetivo reduzir o custo da micropropagacao de bananeira cv. Maca (Musa spp AAB), bem como avaliar o desenvolvimento em campo das mudas produzidas. Para tanto, cultivaram-se, no Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura - USP, explantes de bananeira em meio de multiplicacao MS com diferentes fontes de carbono (acucar). As fontes de carbono testadas foram: sacarose P.A., acucar cristal e acucar mascavo. Apos a etapa de micropropagacao, as plantas foram avaliadas quanto as suas caracteristicas em campo, na cidade de Presidente Prudente-SP, em 2002. O desenvolvimento e vigor in vitro dos explantes nos tres tratamentos testados foram semelhantes. A media do numero de brotos produzidos em meio contendo acucar cristal foi semelhante ao da sacarose P.A. e superior ao do acucar mascavo. Em campo, as plantas produzidas em meios com diferentes fontes de carbono nao apresentaram diferencas estatisticas entre as caracteristicas avaliadas, e nao houve ocorrencia de variacao somaclonal. Com esta alternativa de producao in vitro de bananeira cv. Maca, pode-se ter uma reducao de cerca de 50% do custo para a producao de 1 litro de meio de cultura utilizando acucar cristal como substituto da sacarose P.A., mantendo-se a qualidade das mudas e reduzindo-se o custo de sua producao.

Composição acarina em diferentes cultivares de pessegueiros [Prunus persica (L.)], em Presidente Prudente, estado de São Paulo

ABSTRACT - This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of phytophagous and predator mites in peach cultivars in Presidente Prudente municipality, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The survey was conducted from December 2002 to February 2006. Leaf samples were collected fortnightly of 72 sheets of cultivars Talisma, Docura 2, Dourado 2, Tropical, Aurora 1 and Aurora 2. It was recovered 2,594 mites, among 2,092 phy-tophagous, 403 predators and 99 of dietary habits few knowledge. It was collected 35 mite species belong to 16 families. Aculus fockeui occurred on a sporadic season, causing no visible damage to the plants. In the case of phytoseids, Euseius citrifolius was the most abundant predator species. No preference of mites was detected among the peach cultivars.Index terms: Prunus persica, mites, occurrence, similary, faunistic analysis. INTRODUCAO O lancamento de cultivares de pouca exi-gencia em frio para superacao da endodormencia (BARBOSA et al., 1997) levou a expansao da area de cultivo de culturas de clima temperado, como o pessegueiro, para regioes com pouca disponibilidade de frio no inverno (BARBOSA et al., 2003), sendo observado seu deslocamento para outras regioes subtropicais e tropicais do interior paulista, como Marilia, Sao Carlos, Brotas e Jaboticabal (PEREIRA et al., 2002).No pessegueiro, os acaros tem sido aponta-dos como importantes pragas. Destroem os tecidos superficiais das folhas, o que causa perda do suco celular junto as primeiras camadas do tecido foliar, ocorrendo amarelecimento ou bronzeamento nas infestacoes mais severas, podendo haver reducao qualitativa e quantitativa dos frutos (SALLES, 1998).No Brasil, as especies de acaros que atacam pessegueiros sao: acaro-rajado (Tetranychus urti-cae Koch, 1836) (Tetranychidae), acaro-vermelho (Panonychus ulmi Koch, 1836) (Tetranychidae) e acaro-prateado (Aculus cornutus Banks, 1905)

Avaliação da ação de uma virose na produção e qualidade de tubérculos de batata-doce

The Western region of Sao Paulo State, Brazil, is responsible for approximately 40% of the production of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in the state, even under low-technology. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of viruses on sweet potato production variables. The experiment was conducted in Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil, in a commercial sweet potato crop of pink group, cv. Canadense, with and without virus. In three randomly chosen plots of 10 x 4 m in each half of the field (with and without virus), ten central plants were randomly collected. The number, weight, length and diameter were evaluated. The plots without virus produced 50% more tubers and 100% more weight during harvesting. Tubers obtained from virus-free seedlings showed a greater mass (p < 0.01), height (p < 0.01) and mean diameter (p < 0.05) than those harvested from infected plants. From free-of-virus seedlings, 65% of tubers were classified as 2A (150 to 299 g), the standard that represents 70% of the trading volume at a Food Market place, which provides greater profitability to the producer.

Incidencia del Enneothrips flavens Moulton, 1941 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) en maní, en Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brasil

espanolCon el objetivo de evaluar la infestacion y los danos por Enneothrips flavens Moulton, 1941 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) en plantas de mani IAC 513, fue implantado un experimento en campo en el ano agricola 2010/2011 en el municipio de Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brasil. Se adopto el delineamiento estadistico completamente al azar, con 4 repeticiones. Fueron realizadas muestras a los 17, 31, 41, 49, 59, 69, 80, 87, 96, 108, 117 y 129 dias despues de la emergencia (DAE), evaluando la presencia de adultos y ninfas en diez foliolos cerrados por parcela, recolectados en dos lineas centrales de cada parcela. La evaluacion de los sintomas de lesiones fue realizada en 10 foliolos desarrollados y semiabiertos recolectados al azar en 10 plantas/parcela en la parte media de la planta, basadas en la escala con variacion de 1 a 5, siendo: Nota 1 - foliolo con ausencia de sintomas; Nota 2 - foliolo con pocos puntos plateados; Nota 3 - foliolo con pocos puntos plateados, con inicio de doblamiento de los bordes de los foliolos, Nota 4 - foliolo con puntos plateados generalizados, con doblamiento en los bordes; Nota 5 - foliolo con puntos plateados generalizados, con doblamiento total en los bordes. Los datos promedio de doce evaluaciones fueron sometidos a analisis de variacion por el test F y los promedios comparados por el test de Duncan con 5% de probabilidad. Los datos de numero de ninfas y adultos de trips fueron correlacionados entre si por el coeficiente linear de Pearson y tambien correlacionados con los danos en foliolos y posteriormente analizados por el test F (p EnglishIn order to assess the infestation and symptoms caused by Enneothrips flavens Moulton, 1941 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), peanut plants variety IAC 513 were evaluated in field conditions during 2010/2011 season in Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Adopted the completely randomized design with 4 repetitions. Leaves samples were collected at 17, 31, 41, 49, 59, 69, 80, 87, 96, 108, 117 and 129 days after emergence (DAE), for evaluating the adults and nymphs of E. flavens. The evaluation of symptoms was estimated by a scale from 1 to 5: Note 1 - leaves with absence of symptoms; Note 2 - leaves with a few scores silver; Note 3 - leaves with a few scores silver, starting winding of the edges of the leaves; Note 4 - the leaves scoring silver widespread, with the winding edges; Note 5 - the leaves scoring silver widespread, with shriveled total. The average data of twelve evaluations were subjected to analysis of variance by F test and means were compared by Duncan test which 5 % as probability. Data on numbers of nymphs and adults thrips were correlated to linear coefficient of Pearson, and also correlated with damage in leaves and subsequently analyzed by F test (P

Incidência da Ferrugem alaranjada em cafeeiros nas condições climáticas de Presidente Prudente, SP

Rust is the most common disease in coffee crops. The development of new varieties through genetic crossing isconsidered the best way to control the fungus Hemileia vastratix Berk & Br. The study aimed to evaluate the incidence of rust in fivevarieties of coffee grafted on Apoata (IAC 2258) (Coffea canephora): Icatu vermelho (IAC 4045), Icatu amarelo (IAC 2944), Catuaivermelho (IAC 99), Mundo Novo (IAC 388-17-1) and Obata (IAC 1669-20) and cultivate Icatu vermelho (IAC 4045) without grafting,totaling six treatments. The test was conducted in Presidente Prudente, SP, in random blocks with ten plants per plot, spaced at 3.5 x1.0 m. During May 2007 to February 2008 we collected two sheets every 15 days at random in a third of the coffee trees, to evaluatethe presence or absence of infectious pustules from yellow to orange on the abaxial surface of leaves. The area under the rust progresscurve was calculated for each cultivar. The infestation data were subjected to analysis of variance and correlated with climatic data.It was concluded that infection differed among cultivars and was lower in cultivars Obata IAC 1669-20 and Icatu amarelo IAC 2944.Disease incidence was negatively correlated with the absolute minimum and maximum average monthly temperatures, but not with themonthly rainfall.

Preferência de oviposição de Grapholita molesta (busck) (lepidoptera: tortricidae) em cultivares de pessegueiro

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of infestation by Grapholita molesta on peach cultivars. Surveys were conducted on the number of branches attacked by cultivar through visual sampling of one hundred (100) branches in four periods in the years 2004, 2005 and 2006, preferably in the spring, when outbreaks of shoots occur in peachs. The cultivars Tropical, Aurora 2, Docura 2, Ouromel 3, Joia 4, Talisma, Dourado 2, Aurora 1, Regis, Rei da conserva, grafted on Okinawa and Ume were evaluated. The experimental design was randomized blocks, each one consisting of ten trees, with 5 replicates, the treatments represented by the periods of sampling. There was higher infestation of peach sprouts by Grapholita molesta in the spring, 2004 for the cultivars on Okinawa, and in the spring, 2006 for the cultivars on Ume, with damages of around 14, 85% and 14.27%, respectively. From the cultivars on Okinawa, cultivars Tropical, Aurora 2 and Rei da conserva were the most damaged by the pest, whereas Aurora 2 was the cultivar on Ume, most damaged.