Sonika Pandey

To Develop Strain Specific Molecular Marker for Easy and Proper Identification of Fungal Species Based on Molecular Characters: A Review

The sequencing of fungal genomes is advancing at breakneck-speed, producing voluminous amounts of data. Within the next five years, it is possible that over a couple thousandgenomes, representing every major fungal family will be completed and available to the scientific community. In order for this data to have a truly transformative effect on mycological and other research, however, several factors need to be addressed. These include; (1) the establishment of user friendly platforms for examining, sorting, and sifting through the genomes, (2) integration, or at least cross-communication, between the various databases that house the genomic data, and (3) investment in community resources that can act as repositories for and provide materials to researchers, i.e. strains, clones, plasmids, etc. The frameworks for some these needs, e.g. the materials available from the Fungal Genetics Stock Center (FGSC, University of Missouri), are already established and should be reinforced, whereas for others, e.g. data accessibility, the sooner that a plan can be implemented the better. The Fungal Kingdom is considered to contribute greater than 15% of the species richness found in the major groups of organisms .This study is a reflection of the usefulness of sequence analysis of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene in identifying fungal as well as determining fungal diversity. Various techniques that are based on utilizing the 28S rRNA have been discussed. Of critical importance is the manner in which massively parallel sequencing was exploited to correct the under representation of fungal species in compilations of fungal hat were drawn using traditional methods of surveying fungal species from ecosystems.

Phylogenetic diversity analysis of Trichoderma species based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) marker

The phylogeny of Trichoderma and the phylogenetic relationships of its species was investigated by maximum parsimony analysis and distance analysis of DNA sequences from multiple genetic loci 18S rDNA sequence analysis suggests that the genus Trichoderma evolved at the same time as Hypomyces and Fusarium and thus about 110 Myr ago 28S rDNA sequence analysis shows that the genus Trichoderma is part of a monophyletic branch within the Hypocreaceae. Most isolates of the genus Trichoderma were found to act as mycoparasites of many economically important aerial and soil-borne plant pathogens. Trichoderma has attained importance as a substitute for chemical pesticides and hence an attempt was intended to corroborate the positive relatedness of molecular and morphological characters. Two fungal strains, Trichoderma koningii Tk-5201/CSAU and Trichoderma virens Tvi4177/CSAU were isolated from a soil sample collected from CSA Farm, Kanpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The universal primers (internal transcribed spacer, ITS) were used for the amplification of 18S rRNA gene fragment and strains were thus characterized with the help of ITS marker. It is proposed that the identified strains T. koningii Tk-5201/CSAU and T. virens Tvi-4177/CSAU be assigned as the type strains of a species of genus Trichoderma based on phylogenetic tree analysis together with the 18S rRNA gene sequence search in Ribosomal Database Project, small subunit rRNA and large subunit rRNA databases. The sequence was deposited in GenBank with the accession numbers KC800923 and KC800924, respectively. Thus an integrated approach of morphological and molecular markers can be employed to identify a superior strain of Trichoderma for its commercial exploitation.

Enhancing Seed Germination and Vigor of Chickpea by Using Potential and Effective Strains of Trichoderma Species

In this study, potential and effective strains of Trichoderma such as T. harzianum (Th. Azad) and T. viride (01PP) have been investigated and their effect of pre sowing seed treatment on germination, seedling establishment, seedling dry weight and vigour in chickpea genotype (Radhey) was observed. The different pre sowing seed treatments showed different responses against all seven seed quality parameters. Chickpea seeds were treated with different concentrations of Trichoderma bioformulation such as 5%, 10%, 20% gm/kg seed followed by treatment with 0.2% Bavistin. As a result, the percentage of seed germination was found to be higher in T. harzianum (Th. azad) & Trichoderma viride (01PP) treated seeds with 5% bioformulation as compared to the other concentrations. Various attributes with their observations include seed germination (92% and 90%), root length (12.38 and 12.19 cm) shoot length (4.97 and 4.32 cm) seedling length (17.38 and 16.50 cm), dry weight (1.19 and 1.88 cm), vigour index I (5197.12 and 1485) and vigour index II (109.48 and 169.20). Among all treatments, control showed the poorest performance for all seven seed quality attributes.

Protein Profiling and Biochemical Analysis of Chickpea Seedling Treated with T. viride (49CP)

In vitro effect on chickpea seedling induced by biopriming of Trichoderma viride ie. the treatment T1(T. viride 5g/kg seed) was excelled overall significant superior performance by contributing 68%, 12.07cm, 16.37cm, 28.44cm, 0.592g, 1933.92 and 40.26 in germination, root length, shoot length, seedling length, dry weight, vigour index I and vigour index II, respectively. The highest protein content was observed in chickpea seedling that’s bioprimed by Trichoderma viride formulation (T. viride @5g/kg seeds) was estimated through Kelplus analizer was 0.41%.The protein quantification of chickpea seedlings was estimated through Lowry and Bradford method were 1.06 and 1.08 mg /ml. The protein profiling of chickpea seedling on SDS PAGE were observed maximum five bands, first band at 250 kda, second band at 100 kda, third band was lying between 75 to50 kda, and fourth band was at 20 kda.

Biochemical Characterization of Trichoderma Species Isolated from Different Agricultural Fields of Uttar Pradesh, India

Seven different species of Trichoderma (T. harzianum, T. viride, T. asperellum, T. longibrachiatum, T. atroviride, T. koningii and T. virens) isolated from different locations of Uttar Pradesh, India were used in this study. A comparative analysis on glucanase enzyme production and nitrogen content tested. Among these species, T. harzianum, showed the highest glucanase enzyme production as well as the highest nitrogen content. Physical parameters such as pH, temperature and agitation revealed that the optimal pH, temp and agitation for biomass production were 6.0–6.5, 25°C-30°C and 150 rpm, respectively. The effect of two different carbon sources on glucanase enzyme induction was also determined. Carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) was found to be the best carbon source for glucanase enzyme production.