Sonja Petrović

Characterization and interrelationships of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] yield components during dry and humid seasons

Global climate changes have caused a significant weather oscillation. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of weather conditions on the association of soybean seed yield and yield components, to find out the magnitude and effect of each component and their reaction to environmental stress. Seventy-four soybean varieties from nine geographical origins were studied during two seasons (2015 with less rainfall and increased temperatures and 2016 with increased humidity and moderate temperatures) at the Croatian Centre for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs in Osijek, Croatia. Correlation and path analysis were used to examine the association of the studied traits. The variance analysis revealed significant (P<0.01) effect of genotype, year and their interactions on all examined traits. During both seasons the seed yield was in significant and positive correlation with seed number per plant, pods number per plant, seed number per pod and 1, 000-seed weight. All the traits mentioned had a stronger correlation with the yield in the dry 2015 compared to the year 2016. The seed number per plant had the highest correlation coefficients and a high and positive direct effect on seed yield in both years. Therefore, the selection of high yielding genotypes based on this trait can be done directly regardless of the variable weather conditions. The hierarchical clustering of varieties resulted in eight clusters in both years, confirming high genetic variability of the examined varieties. In 2016 one cluster that mainly consisted of varieties typical for the breeding programs of this region was singled out.

Aluminium Toxicity in Maize Hybrids During Germination

The investigation of maize seedlings sensitivity to the toxicity of aluminium in germination stage was performed in controlled conditions in germinator. Tested maize hybrids showed different levels of sensitivity to rising Al concentration as early as in the germination stage, where the main root length was reliable indicator of hybrid tolerance.

Wheat breeding on low input varieties with high bread making quality

Current wheat breeding programs in Croatia are redirected toward sustainable agriculture with special emphasis on low input in agricultural practice (mineral fertilizers and pesticides, less seed kg/ha) and increased yield with high bread making quality.Quantitative analyses of large number of parent used in this breeding program were made in earlier genetic researches. We have established type of inheritance of basic components of wheat quality and yield (flour sedimentation value, % protein content, stem height, spike height, number of spikelets), minor gene actions, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA), genetic ANOVA, heritability of all mentioned traits.Registrated new winter wheat varieties Kalista, Matea and Helia represent new winter variety model which can be described as low input, with very intense tillering capability, uniform stems, ears with scurs and very good spiklets fertility.