Soo Jung Kim

Aurora-A kinase inhibition enhances the cytosine arabinoside-induced cell death in leukemia cells through apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe

Aurora-A (Aur-A) is a centrosome-associated serine/threonine kinase that is overexpressed in various cancers and potentially correlated with chemoresistance. In the Ara-C-sensitive leukemia cell lines, silencing of Aur-A by small interfering RNA transfection led to a significant increase in the Ara-C-induced cell death rate through induction of mitochondria-mediated, caspase-dependent apoptosis. In contrast, combined treatment of the Ara-C-resistant leukemia cell lines with Aur-A siRNA and Ara-C remarkably enhanced the cell death rate via non-caspase-dependent mitotic catastrophe. Taken together, Aur-A inhibition was an effective treatment for both the Ara-C-sensitive and resistant leukemia cells by increasing apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe, respectively.

Behçet's disease as a part of the symptom complex of SLE?

Systemic lupus erythematosus and Behçets disease are known to be induced by immunoregulatory defects and to have some identical manifestations. Although the possibility of the coexistence of these disorders exists only one example of an association of these disorders has been described previously by Lee et al. Therefore, we describe an example of typical SLE with additional symptoms of Behçets disease as a part of the symptom complex of SLE.

Unusual cases of syringoma of the forehead.

Syringoma involving the forehead is rare and can be confused with other diseases that are common on the forehead. Therefore, we describe here three patients with syringoma who developed numerous skin colored papules on the forehead. To our knowledge, syringoma of the forehead was reported previously only once by Tagami et al.

Milia Arising in Herpes Zoster Scars

Milia caused by proliferative tendencies of the epithelium after injury may occur in areas of bullous eruption (10). Even though the possibility of milia arising in herpes zoster scar is real, it has not been reported previously.

Prognostic significance of trisomy 6 in an adult acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21)

In the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) according to World Health Organization classifications declared on 2008, the importance of recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities such as t(8;21)(q22;q22), inv(16)(p13.1q22), t(15;17)(q24;q21), and t(9;11)(p22;q23) are being increasingly emphasized. Among these cytogenetic abnormalities, t(8;21) is a favorable marker detected in approximately 5% of AML and in 10% of the prior AML with maturation (M2) category in the FrencheAmericaneBritish classification [1]. However, in recent studies, AML patients with t(8;21) are reported to show an adverse outcome with concurrent CD56 expression or KIT gene mutation [2,3]. Trisomy 6 as a sole chromosomal abnormality is relatively rare in patients with AML, myelodysplastic syndrome, and bone marrow hypoplasia, and the prognostic significance of trisomy 6 in AML harboring t(8;21) needs to be elucidated [4]. Herein, we report an AML patient with the karyotypic abnormalities including trisomy 6, t(8;21), and Y chromosome loss at the time of diagnosis coinciding with a negative result of KIT gene mutation study. A 49-year-old Korean man with a chief complaint of general weakness and anemia was admitted to the Severance Hospital of Yonsei University. Complete blood count revealed a hemoglobin level of 3.5 g/dL, platelet count of 44,000/mL, and white blood cell count of 17,390/mL with 71% segmented neutrophils, 20% lymphocytes, 2% monocytes, 1% myelocytes, 2% atypical lymphocytes, and 4% blasts. A bone marrow study revealed hypercellular marrow filled with blasts with maturation, consistent with AML-M2 morphology. Initial chromosome study showed 46,X, Y,þ6,t(8;21)(q22;q22) in all 20 metaphase cells analyzed (Fig. 1A). Flow cytometry analysis showed the blasts to be positive for CD13, CD19, CD33, CD117, HLA-DR, and MPO, and negative for CD3, CD7, CD10, CD 14, CD20, cCD22, CD79a, and TdT. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with the AML panel and reverse transcriptaseepolymerase chain reaction showed a RUNX1-RUNXT1 fusion, consistent with the t(8;21) identified in the chromosome studies (Fig. 1B).

Verocay Bodies in Neurofibroma

Discussion Retinal detachment is also seen in other pigment disorders, such as Vogt-Koyanagi Harada (VKH) syndrome. Lornicz believes that the Alezzandrinis and VKH syndromes may actually he related. The spectrum of retinal abnormalities associated with Alezzandrinis syndrome may need to be broadened to include retinal detachment. In the present case retinal detachment not only has appeared as a prodromal sign, but bilateral retinal detachment also has occurred. Therefore, one can consider Alezzandrinis syndrome as an accessory branch among other melanocytic disorders, as the basic condition that also includes vitiligo and the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. Sadollah Shamsadini, M.D. Mohamed R. Meshkat, M.D. Kramat Mozzafarinia, M.D. Kerman, Iran

Usefulness of Cross-Linked Human Acellular Dermal Matrix as an Implant for Dorsal Augmentation in Rhinoplasty

BackgroundAsian noses are relatively small and flat compared to Caucasians; therefore, rhinoplasty procedures often focus on dorsal augmentation and tip projection rather than reduction in the nasal framework. Various autologous and alloplastic implant materials have been used for dorsal augmentation. Recently, human acellular dermal matrices have been introduced as an implant material for dorsal augmentation, camouflaging autologous implants without an additional donor site. Here, we introduce a cross-linked human acellular dermal matrix as an implant material in augmentation rhinoplasty and share the clinical experiences.MethodsEighteen patients who underwent augmentation rhinoplasty using acellular dermal matrix from April 2014 to November 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical outcomes and complications were assessed at the outpatient clinic during the follow-up period ranging from 8 to 38xa0months. Contour changes were assessed through comparison of preoperative and postoperative photographs by two independent plastic surgeons. Patient satisfaction was assessed at the outpatient clinic by six questions regarding aesthetic and functional aspects.ResultsPostoperative photographs demonstrated the height of the nasal dorsum did not decrease over time except two patients whose ADM was grafted into a subperiosteal pocket. Others who underwent supraperiosteal implantation showed acceptable maintenance of dorsal height. No major complication was reported. Overall, patient satisfaction scored 81.02 out of 100.ConclusionsCross-linked human ADM has advantages of both autogenous and alloplastic materials. The surgical results remain stable without complications. Therefore, it is a suitable alternative implant material for dorsal augmentation in rhinoplasty.Level of Evidence IVThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Selection of Implants in Unilateral Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction and Contralateral Augmentation

Background In breast reconstruction using implants after unilateral mastectomy, it is challenging to create a natural, ptotic contour, and asymmetry is a potential drawback. To achieve breast symmetry and an ideal shape for both breasts, we performed contralateral augmentation in patients undergoing breast reconstruction with implants. Methods Patients underwent unilateral mastectomy and 2-stage reconstruction. During the second stage of the procedure, contralateral augmentation mammoplasty was performed. Preoperatively, we obtained the patients’ demographic information, and we then assessed breast volume, the volume and dimensions of the inserted implants, and complications. Breast symmetry was observed by the surgeon and was assessed by measuring the disparity between the final volume of each breast. Results Contralateral augmentation was performed in 52 cases. When compared to patients who did not undergo a contralateral balancing procedure, patients who received contralateral augmentation were younger, thinner, and had smaller breasts. During implant selection for contralateral augmentation, we chose implants that were approximately 1 cm shorter in width, 1 level lower in height, and 1 or 2 levels lower in projection than the implants used for reconstruction. The postoperative breast contours were symmetric and the final volume discrepancy between each breast, which was measured by 3-dimensional scanning, was acceptable. Conclusions We demonstrate that contralateral augmentation can be recommended for patients who perceive their breasts to be small and not beautiful in order to achieve an ideal and beautiful shape for both breasts. Furthermore, this study offers guidelines for selecting the implant that will lead to the optimal aesthetic outcome.