Soon Hwangbo

Effect of harvest stage, wilting and crushed rice on the forage production and silage quality of organic whole crop barely.

Although whole crop barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is now widely grown as a silage crop in Korea, forage production and silage quality of that for organic farm have not been published. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of harvest stage on forage production and quality of organic barley, and effect of field wilting and crushed rice for shortening of harvest date and improvement of forage quality. The experiment was split-plot design with three replications. Main plots were heading, milking and yellow stages, and sub-plot were field wilting for I day, crushed rice 10% (CR10%) and 15% (CR15%) treatments. The dry matter (DM) contents of heading, milking and yellow stages were 12.8%, 21.9% and 29.8%, respectively. The DM yields of heading, milking and yellow stages were 10,346, 15,819 and 18,336 kg/ha, respectively, and the total digestible nutrients (TDN) of these were 6,288, 9,550 and 10,178 kg/ha, respectively. The pH of milking stage showed low 4.00 pH values. The crude protein, ether extract, crude ash, non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) and TDN contents were decreased as harvest stage progressed, while neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were increased. The crude ash (CA) of milking stage showed the lowest among harvest stages. Field wilting and crushed rice treatments decreased CA, NDF and ADF contents, and increased NFC and TDN contents. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) decreased with progressed harvest stage, while field wilting and crushed rice treatments increased that of barley silage. Lactic acid and total organic acid contents of milking stage were the highest, and butyric acid of milking stage was the lowest among harvest stage. The good effect of field wilting and crushed rice was observed in heading stage. The experiment results indicate that optimum harvest stage of barley silage for organic was milking stage. The field wilting and crushed rice additive could be recommended as effective method for shortening harvest date and increasing forage quality of organic barley silage

Study on Summer Forage Crop Cultivation Using SCB (Slurry Composting-Biofilteration) Liquid Fertilizer on Reclaimed Land

Until now, The experiment about the forage crop have been almost not conducted on the reclaimed land. Therefore, this experiment was carried out in order to know productivity of summer forage crop using slurry composting-biofilteration (SCB) liquid fertilizer on reclaimed land of Hwaong and Sukmoon in korea from 2008 to 2009. The forage crops used in this experiment were corn and sorghum×sorghum hybrid which are used as summer forage crops in South Korea. The experiment was treated with chemical fertilizer (CF), swine slurry (SS) and SCB liquid fertilizer. Dry matter (DM) yield of corn was higher than those of sorghum × sorghum hybrid in both reclaimed lands but the effect of SCB liquid fertilizer was not appeared. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of corn were lower than those of sorghum × sorghum hybrid. The crude protein (CP) content and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of corn were higher than those of sorghum × sorghum hybrid. In generally feed values of corn were higher than those of sorghum × sorghum hybrid. The results of this study showed that summer forage crop cultivation using uses SCB liquid fertilizer on reclaimed land are possible.

Effects of Total Mixed Ration with Wet Brewer`s Grain on the Performance and Nutrient Utilization in Castrated Korean Black Goats

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Total Mixed Ration (TMR) with wet brewer`s grain on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention of castrated Korean black goat. For feeding trial, forty castrated Korean black goats were divided into four treatment groups, which were fed TMR containing 20, 30, 40% of wet brewer`s grain. For digestibility trial, twelve castrated Korean black goats were allotted to treatments in four groups of three goats. Results are summarized as follows. Dry matter (DM) contents of TMR with wet brewer`s grain was , that of crude protein was , Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were , each. These were not different by supplemental level of brewer`s grain in TMR. However, Non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) contents were lower according to increase wet brewer`s grain in TMR. Average daily gain of control group were higher than those from TMR with wet brewer`s gain (p

Effects of Addition of Mugwort and Pine Needle Extracts on Shelf-life in Emulsified Sausage during Cold Storage

The objective of this study was to determine the shelf-life effects and residual nitrite contents of mugwort and pine needle extracts addition in emulsified sausage during cold storage. The sausages were of five types: no mugwort and pine needle extracts added (Control), mugwort water extract added (T1), mugwort ethanol extract added (T2), pine needle water extract added (T3), and pine needle ethanol extract added (T4). Each sausage type was tested in triplicate and assigned to one of four storage periods: 0, 10, 20 and 30 days. As storage time increased, the presence of mugwort and pine needle extracts resulted in decreased pH, CIE L*, and residual nitrite value, but increased TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) values, and total plate counts (TPC). Values for pH, TBARS, residual nitrite contents and total plate counts were significantly decreased by the addition of mugwort and pine needle extracts compared to the control (P<0.05). Among all treatments, T4 was more (P<0.05) effective in delaying lipid oxidation compared to other treatment groups. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that addition of pine needle ethanol extract to emulsified sausages tended to improve antioxidant and antimicrobial effects and residual nitrite contents during storage than other treatment groups. (Key words : Mugwort, Pine needle, TBARS, Residual nitrite contents, Emulsified sausage)

The Effect of Application of Cattle Slurry and Chemical Fertilizer on Productivity of Rye and Hairy Vetch by Single or Mixed Sowing

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of application of cattle manure and chemical fertilizer on dry matter productivity and nutritive values of rye and hairy vetch according to two different sowing methods such as single or mixed-sowed cultivation. Dry matter and TDN yields for rye single culture, and rye and hairy vetch mixed culture were 7.2 and 4.0 ton/ha, and 8.0 and 4.4 ton/ha, respectively. They were significantly (p

Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Chlorella on Nutritive Values and Quality of Italian Ryegrass-Alfalfa Silage

To provide the basic data on the utilization of chlorella as a method to improve the quality of forage, we examined the effect of the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and chlorella on the change of nutritive value, quality and microbes on Italian ryegrass and alfalfa mixture silage (IRG-Alfalfa silage). The nutritive values of IRG-Alfalfa silage were not significantly different in all treatments. The pH of IRG-Alfalfa silage decreased in both LAB and chlorella treatments. Further the content of lactic acid in the LAB treatment increased as compared to the control, and also significantly increased in the treatment of LAB with chlorella (p

Effect of Addition of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Chlorella on Nutritive Values and Quality of Italian Ryegrass-Hairy Vetch Silage

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and chlorella on the change of nutritive value, quality and microbes regarding the mixture silage of Italian ryegrass and hairy vetch (IRG-HV silage). The content of crude protein of IRG-HV silage in only the LAB treatment was not different as compared to the control. However, the content of crude protein significantly increased in the treatment of LAB with chlorella, compared to both the control and LAB treatments (p

Influences of Seleniferous Whole Crop Barley Supplement on Growth Performance and Blood Characteristics in Growing Pigs

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to investigate effects of different levels of seleniferous whole crop barley (WCB) supplementation on performance, and blood characteristics as physiological responses in growing pigs. A total of 20 cross-bred pigs((Landrace×Yorkshire)×Duroc) were divided into 4 treatments of 5 pigs each and experimental period lasted for 6 weeks. They were fed diets containing 0.1(non-seleniferous WCB as controls), 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6mg/kg levels of selenium(Se) by supplementing seleniferous WCB, and non-seleniferous or seleniferous WCB was formulated to 5% level in total ration. The diets were isonitrogenous(18% crude protein) and isocaloric(3,500kcal/kg digestible energy) across treatments.Increasing levels of seleniferous WCB supplements did not affect feed intake and BW gain, and blood total protein concentration was(p<0.05) significantly higher for 0.2mg/kg Se treatments than for controls. On d 14, blood albumin concentration was higher(p<0.05) for seleniferous WCB supplemented groups than for control group. Contrarily, blood glucose concentration was tended to be higher for controls than for seleniferous WCB groups. Blood total lipid concentration was significantly(p<0.05) lowered with increasing levels of seleniferous WCB. Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase did not have any difference among treatments. It was tended that blood total cholesterol and triglyceride were lowered with increasing levels of seleniferous WCB. Blood Se concentration was significantly(p<0.05) increased with increasing levels of seleniferous WCB. The results indicate that Se present in seleniferous WCB had favorable effects on blood characteristics and blood Se increased by supplementing seleniferous WCB implies not only a good intestinal absorption of Se present in WCB but also the possibility of Se transfer into tissues.(Key words:Seleniferous whole crop barley, Se transfer, Blood characteristics, Growing pigs)

Effects of the castration time on growth performance, meat quality and fatty acid profiles of Korean black goats.

Sun Ho Choi, Sang Woo Kim, Soon Hwangbo*, Chang Yong Choe and Jin Hyoung KimNational Institute of Animal Science, RDA.ABSTRACTA study was conducted to examine the effect of the castration time on growth, meat quality and fatty acid composition of Korean black goats. Forty five male kids were divided into five groups, including control (without castration) and four groups with the kids castrated at 0.5, 3, 5 and 7 months of age, respectively. Average daily body weight gain(ADG) for control was significantly(P<0.05) higher than the castrated groups. ADG did not differ between the castrated groups. The ADG of the male kids castrated at 3 and 5 months of age tended to be higher than the other castrated groups. Dressing percentage for 0.5 months-castrated group was higher than 7 months-castrated group. Retail cut percentages for control was higher(P<0.05) than others, but the retail cut percentages did not differ between the castrated groups. Compared with control, higher fat percentages of carcasses appeared in the castrated groups(P<0.05). The fat percentages gradually increased in earlier castrated animals. As castrated earlier, moisture contents tended to decrease, whereas crude protein and fat contents tended to increase. The different castration time did not affect physical properties of goat meat (shear force, cooking loss, and water holding capacity). Results from panel tests showed that juiciness or tenderness of meats for 5 months-castrated group tended to be higher than those for the other groups. The flavor of meatfor 7-months castrated group appeared to be more favorable compared with 0.5- or 3-months castrated groups(P<0.05). The proportion of saturated fatty acid in meat washigher for 5-months castrated group and lower for 3-months castrated group as compared to the other castrated groups, whereas the proportion of unsaturated fatty acid was vice versa(P<0.05). Mono-unsaturated fatty acid contents did not differ between thecastrated groups. Present results indicatedthat castration at 3 or 5 months of age increased growth performance and meat quality of Korean black goats.(Key words : Korean black goat, Castration, Growth, Meat quality, Fatty acid)

Effects of Feeding Total Mixed Rations Containing Different Winter Forage Crop Silages on Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Characteristics in Korean Black Goats

GiWoungJung,IkHwanJo,SoonHwangbo * andSungHoonLee **ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to determine the feed value of total mixed rations(TMR) containing differentwinter forage crop silages on feed intakes, daily gain, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen retention inKorean black goats. A total of 12 male goats were used in this study and each goat was housed inindividual metabolism crates. The treatments were four diets, consisting of whole crop barley silage(T1),rape silage(T2), rye silage(T3), and Italian ryegrass silage(T4). The experiment was designed as a 4×4Latin square arrangement in three replicates. Daily intakes for dietary dry matter(DM), organic matter(OM), crude protein(CP) per head were highest in rape silage treatment, and lowest in whole barley silage(p<0.05). Digestible intakes for CP and acid detergent fiber were highest in rape silage treatment. Thedaily gain of rape, rye, and Italian ryegrass silages were significantly(p<0.05) higher than that of wholecrop barley silage. Digestibility of DM. CP, fiber were highest in whole crop barley silage, and lowest inrape silage(p<0.05). Nitrogen(N) intake and N retention were significantly highest in rape silage andlowest in whole crop barley silage(p<0.05). The results showed that, among different winter forage cropsilages, rape silage incorporation into TMR had the best performances indicating increases of feed intakesand N retention in Korean black goats.(Key words :Winter forage crop silage, Total mixed rations, Nutrient digestibility, Nitrogen retention,Korean black goats)