Soufien Dhouib

Addition effect of nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of coated fabric

In this paper, nanocomposites are synthesized with Tunisian natural clay which has the advantage of being cheap. In fact, it is simply a mixture of several sorts of clays (kaolinite, dolomite, calcite, illite, and quartz). This clay has been cleaned, purified, dried, and steered with different resins which are actually used in the textile field for several applications such as comfort, elasticity, or impermeability. First, the different mixtures of resin/clay were deposited with different clay percentages on a PET/cotton fabric sheet. Then samples were examined by SEM in order to see their compositions and ensure the formation of nanocomposites. Finally, different mechanical tests such as tensile, breakout, abrasion, and tear tests were performed. Furthermore, it appears that the mechanical performance of fabric is globally increased versus the amount of clay for all resins except the polyvinylacetate, which shows a decrease in the fabric tear resistance when using more than 20% clay. It has also been noticed that mechanical characteristics of the coated fabric without clay decrease significantly in comparison with the reference, but become better when clay is added to the resin. Consequently, it is obvious that the type of resin is important because the results shown are different from one resin to another.

Study of the influence of matter and finishing treatments on the denim garment shade

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the effect on the cloth shade of matter, laundering types, special treatments and their succession applied during the manufacturing process of garment washing.Design/methodology/approach – Denim garment manufacturers are interested in finishing cloth to characterize the aging look of the cloth. The effect of matter, laundering, special treatments and their succession were studied. The treatments have been done on manufactured trousers. One rigorous statistical study is achieved to validate the experimental results.Findings – The mixed washing is the most degrading for the shade of cloth and appearance of the garments surface and the succession of special treatments of finishing is demanded to have an increasing whiteness. The finishing resin‐treatment realized before any washing process (stone washing or mixed washing) provokes a slight increase of garment colour resistance.Practical implications – Information in this paper will aid manufacturers garment wa...

Study of Dyeing Behavior of Polyester Fibers with Disperse Dyes

Sorption isotherms of disperse dyes from water with small and big molecules on various polyester fibers were obtained at 130, 115, and 105°C. Isotherms were plotted using a large range of initial dye concentration. A remarkable deviation from Nernst behavior was observed for all plotted isotherms. Langmuir fitting was tested and appeared to be in good agreement with experimental curves. Distribution of disperse dyes between polyester substrate and water and the saturation solubility of these dyes in polyester fibers was compared by considering the crystallinity and surface area of the fibers.

Study of Thermal Behaviour of Fabric Coated with Nanocomposite Polyacrylate/Clay

In this paper, nanocomposites are synthesised with Tunisian natural clay which has the advantage of being inexpensive. In fact, it is simply a mixture of several sorts of clays (kaolinite, dolomite, calcite, illite, and quartz). This clay has been cleaned, purified, dried, and steered with polyacrylate resin which is actually used in the textile field for several types of other applications, such as comfort, elasticity or impermeability. The samples have been examined by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to observe their compositions and ensure the formation of the nanocomposites .The mixture resin/clay is deposited onto 100% cotton fabric and tested by using a PASOD device that measures the necessary voltage to maintain the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the fabric which is equal to 20°C. The enhancement of the fabric thermal insulation is noticed by calculating the difference in temperature between the inside and the outside of the fabric. The coating which is a nanocomposite PAC/clay has been modelled which proves that it is a Hamiltonian model as the clay percentages are superior to 4% when the clay dispersion and the free-volume are calculated.

The impacts of thermal treatments on the physical properties of textile vascular prostheses

For nearly half a century textile prostheses have been intensively used in vascular surgery. They have saved millions of human lives, but they are not yet perfect. Graft failures have been, in part, attributed to the prostheses finishing processes, generally based on thermal treatments. These treatments permit to reduce fabric porosity and fix the wavy form of prosthetic tube walls involved by crimping process. Four tubular fabrics have been woven with different polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarns spun under different industrial processes: Setila, Dacron, Diolen and Viscosuisse. Three heat setting techniques were investigated for prostheses crimping: dry heat, vapor heat and autoclaving. Crystallinity index and crystal growth in the equatorial directions have been calculated from Wide Angle X-ray Scattering scans. The aim was to analyze physical structural changes of PET fibers after thermal finishing processes applied to textile vascular prostheses and highlight fiber morphological evolutions related to these treatments. Viscosuisse yarns held the largest crystalline domains built up of numerous crystals but smaller than Dacron ones. However, the best crystalline configurations for the overall yarns were generally obtained for dry heat processes. Compromise regions of treatment conditions for prosthetic Dacron tubes were also obtained to optimize crystal development for the different crimping processes.

Mechanical modelling of materials coated with nanocomposite

The purpose of this study was to establish a mathematical equation that links the creep and relaxation forces to the clay percentage of nanocoated material based on a Zener analogical model. For this reason, a theoretical equation of the tensile resistance of a fabric coated with nanocomposites is presented. The samples whose properties are analysed by such equations were constructed from commercial resins, which are actually used in the textile field to enhance properties such as comfort, elasticity or impermeability of the fabric materials and the Tunisian natural clay. Relaxation deformations and creep forces were determined by using a dynamometer measuring the necessary force to maintain a constant elongation, and the calculated deformation when the fabric is stretched by a constant force equal to 80% of its rupture force. The mathematical equations obtained by modelling the coated fabric’s mechanical behaviour help in analysing and explaining the measured rupture forces that have been presented in a previous work. It was found that Young’s modulus increases by increasing the clay quantity and the calculated values show that the values of mechanical resistance are in good agreement with the measured values of the tensile tests. Also, it was found that when nanocomposites are used in coating a fabric, the fabric becomes more elastic and more resistant, and this can be proved by Young’s modulus and the viscosity (η computing).

Development of a test bench assessing the hydrodynamic compliance of vascular prostheses

The dilation, the most cited complication, is characterized by a remnant expansion of the prosthesis diameter under the cumulative effect of blood pressure. Due to the mechanical mismatch between graft and host artery, early dilation generally occurs during the few weeks following implantation: circumferential expansions close to 10% for woven prostheses and 20% for knitted ones have been thus recorded.6−9 Compliance mismatch particularly contributes to induce aneurysms, anastomotic rupture and sub-intimal hyperplasia, which makes the graft ineffective and seriously threatens the patient life.10−12 Dilation beyond 1 month of implantation is usually slower for both knitted and woven grafts.13,14 Some studies mentioned dilation rates rising from 12% at 1 month to 15% at 2 years and from 6% at 2 weeks to 8% at 1 year for woven grafts.15 The knitted ones, on the other hand, dilate more, for example from 28% at 1 month to 34% at 2 years15 and from 19% at 2 weeks to 31% at 2 years,8 though most of the dilation arose in precocious way. However, the dilation evolution at very long term remains rarely reported (from 6% at 5 years to 30% at 8 years and from 60% at 10 years to 70% at 15 years).16,17

A new approach to predict the fabric shrinkage in denim garments after finishing treatments

The principal purpose of this work is to develop a new approach to model and predict the fabric shrinkage in denim garments after finishing treatments. This study was carried out on denim blue jeans fabrics of different structures which are transformed into pants. The shrinkage 056 measured at different parts of the pant (waist, hem and knees). A factorial design analysis with 960 experiments conducted under industrial conditions and repeated three times was applied to study the garment shrinkage behaviour. A standard method was modified to characterize the potential shrinkage of the denim garment fabrics and to model their intrinsic shrinkage parameters. Relevant models calculating the fabric shrinkage of the denim garments in the different treated zones of pants according to the finishing treatments are identified and validated in three industrial orders. The obtained results, statistically and industrially validated, show very well the accuracy of the established shrinkage prediction models and their reliability to be applied in industrial scale.

The Effect of Seaming on Cloth Shrinkage During Finishing Treatment of Denim Garments

The principal purpose of this work is to study the dimensional stability of cloth upon seaming, particularly after finishing treatments. This study is carried out on denim blue jean fabrics with different structures which are transformed into pants. Various types of assembling are used, such as safety stitch, felled seam and lockstitch. The sewing operation is carried out with the same parameters: the stitch type, stitch density per centimeter, and sewing thread count and composition. The garment shrinkage is influenced by several parameters, such as the type of assembling and the industrial finishing treatment. The results show that the type of industrial seaming, resin treatment and special treatment as well as their succession has a significant effect on garment shrinkage. There is more shrinkage in the garment assembled with a flat-felled seam than that with a safety stitch. The difference can reach 57.8% if the garment is treated with mixed methods, such as washing and chemical special treatment. Moreover, the shrinkage measured on the waist or hem is less than that measured on the legs. Finally, the shrinkage due to the type of assembling in the warp direction is more than that in the weft direction.