Srdjan Krco

A survey on facilities for experimental internet of things research

The initial vision of the Internet of Things was of a world in which all physical objects are tagged and uniquely identified by RFID transponders. However, the concept has grown into multiple dimensions, encompassing sensor networks able to provide real-world intelligence and goal-oriented collaboration of distributed smart objects via local networks or global interconnections such as the Internet. Despite significant technological advances, difficulties associated with the evaluation of IoT solutions under realistic conditions in real-world experimental deployments still hamper their maturation and significant rollout. In this article we identify requirements for the next generation of IoT experimental facilities. While providing a taxonomy, we also survey currently available research testbeds, identify existing gaps, and suggest new directions based on experience from recent efforts in this field.

The Future Internet

Irrespective of whether we use economic or societal metrics, the Internet is one of the most important technical infrastructures in existence today. It will be a catalyst for much of our innovation and prosperity in the future. A competitive Europe will require Internet connectivity and services beyond the capabilities offered by current technologies. Future Internet research is therefore a must. This book is published in full compliance with the Open Access publishing initiative; it is based on the research carried out within the Future Internet Assembly (FIA). It contains a sample of representative results from the recent FIA meetings spanning a broad range of topics, all being of crucial importance for the future Internet. The book includes 32 contributions and has been structured into the following sections, each of which is preceded by a short introduction: Foundations: architectural issues; socio-economic issues; security and trust; and experiments and experimental design. Future Internet Areas: networks, services, and content; and applications.

Improved neighbor detection algorithm for AODV routing protocol

In this letter, a problem related to the behavior of WLAN 802.11 b network cards when working in the ad hoc mode is described. This behavior was noticed during experimental evaluation of an ad hoc network that was using the AODV (ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector) routing protocol. The observed problem affects the neighbor detection algorithm of the AODV routing protocol and has a deteriorating impact on performance of ad hoc networks that use this protocol. An improvement of the neighbor detection algorithm based on the differentiation of good and bad neighbors using signal to noise ratio (SNR) value is proposed, described and experimentally verified.

Designing IoT architecture(s): A European perspective

Internet of Things (IoT) domain has attracted a lot of interest over the last few years, to a large extent due to its applicability across a plethora of application domains. This variety of application domains resulted in a variety of requirements that IoT systems should comply with. Due to the heterogeneity of the domains, the requirements varied significantly, and demanding more or less complex systems with varied performance expectations. This situation affected the architecture design and resulted in a range of IoT architectures with not only varied set of components and functionalities, but also varied terminologies used. It resulted in limited interoperability between the systems which in turn hampered development of the complete domain. To address these issues, to ensure a common understanding by providing a framework catering for different applications and eventually enable reuse of the existing work across the domains, reference architectures are an appropriate tool. This paper presents an overview of the activities done in Europe towards definition of such a common framework together with how it is being used and a potential outlook for these efforts.

P2P Mobile Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks research is primarily focused on various internal sensor network issues like routing, self-organization, MAC layer design, data aggregation, etc. Interaction between sensor networks and especially such interaction over mobile networks has not been researched well. In this paper, concept of mobile peer-to-peer sensor networks, i.e. peer-to-peer sensor networks overlay on 3G mobile networks is presented. Each sensor network acts as one peer node and is represented by its gateway in a P2P network. Peers use mobile networks to communicate and collaborate on execution of specific tasks or to provide information to users that otherwise would not be available. Usability of JXTA as P2P framework in mobile environment has been investigated. Architecture of a sensor network gateway is also presented.

Implementation solutions and issues in building a personal sensor network for health care monitoring

An implementation of a personal sensor network for health care monitoring is presented. It comprises several smart sensor nodes and a control node organized into a Bluetooth piconet. Remote users can access the network, query and control sensors via GPRS network using methods provided by the control node. The main characteristics of the implemented system and various observed issues are presented.

IoT6 – Moving to an IPv6-Based Future IoT

IoT6 is a research project on the future Internet of Things. It aims at exploiting the potential of IPv6 and related standards to overcome current shortcomings and fragmentation of the Internet of Things. The main challenges and objectives of IoT6 are to research, design and develop a highly scalable IPv6-based Service-Oriented Architecture to achieve interoperability, mobility, cloud computing integration and intelligence distribution among heterogeneous smart things components, applications and services. The present article starts by a short introduction on IPv6 capabilities for the Internet of Things and information on the current deployment of IPv6 in the world. It continues with a presentation of the IoT6 architecture model and its concept of service discovery. Finally, it illustrates the potential of such IPv6-based architecture by presenting the integration of building automation components using legacy protocols.

Enabling ubiquitous sensor networking over mobile networks through peer-to-peer overlay networking

This paper presents the concepts of ubiquitous sensor networking. It envisages the existence of numerous independent sensor networks. The networks gather information about physical phenomena and collaborate with wide area mobile networks to provide more accurate and more relevant information to end-users. It is proposed that the architecture of the sensor network gateway interacts with users on behalf of sensor networks and provides attributes based access and querying. The problems of service discovery, service provision and collaboration of sensor networks over mobile networks are addressed by utilization of peer-to-peer (P2P) concepts built on functionality provided by the JXTA middleware overlay on 2.5G/3G mobile networks. Each sensor network acts as one peer node and is represented by a gateway in a P2P network. The concept has been successfully evaluated in the implemented test bed.

Application and Multidisciplinary Aspects of Wireless Sensor Networks

It is a general trend in computing that computers are becoming ever smaller and ever more interconnected. Sensor networks large networks of small, simple devices are a logical extreme of this trend. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are attracting an increasing degree of research interest, with a growing number of industrial applications starting to emerge. Two of these applications, personal health monitoring and emergency/disaster recovery, are the focus of the European Commission project ProSense: Promote, Mobilize, Reinforce and Integrate Wireless Sensor Networking Research and Researchers. This hands-on introduction to WSN systems development presents a broad coverage of topics in the field, contributed by researchers involved in the ProSense project. An emphasis is placed on the practical knowledge required for the successful implementation of WSNs. Divided into four parts, the first part covers basic issues of sensors, software, and position-based routing protocols. Part two focuses on multidisciplinary issues, including sensor network integration, mobility aspects, georouting, medical applications, and vehicular sensor networks. The remaining two parts present case studies and further applications. Topics and features: presents a broad overview of WSN technology, including an introduction to sensor and sensing technologies; contains an extensive section on case studies, providing details of the development of a number of WSN applications; discusses frameworks for WSN systems integration, through which WSN technology will become fundamental to the Future Internet concept; investigates real-world applications of WSN systems in medical and vehicular sensor networks; with a Foreword by the Nobel Laurate Professor Martin Perl of Stanford University. Providing holistic coverage of WSN technology, this text/reference will enable graduate students of computer science, electrical engineering and telecommunications to master the specific domains of this emerging area. The book will also be a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners interested in entering the field.

Traffic generation application for simulating online games and M2M applications via wireless networks

In this paper we present results of traffic modeling and simulation of multiplayer real-time games and M2M applications using TCP protocol over Telekom Serbia HSPA mobile network, performed within the FP7 LOLA project. In this experimentation, the RTT (Round Trip Time) and cell statistics are analysed. For this purpose, a traffic generation application is developed for Android phones to generate traffic pattern for emerging Machine Type Communication and online multiplayer games in mobile wireless network for different offset of tests. Application is activated by setting the corresponding parameters related to desired test case, i.e. duration of testing, size and frequency of the data packets that the application sends to the server. The main goal of the cell statistic analysis is to evaluate potential impact of additional simulated traffic in view of increasing data-centric users on the performance of mobile wireless radio network.