Sri Budiarti

Adherence to HEp-2 Cells and Replication in Macrophages of Salmonella derby of Human Origin

Adherence to a HEp‐2 cell monolayer was tested for in four strains of Salmonella derby which were isolated from patients with diarrhea. One strain, SB1, was highly adherent and another strain, SB4, was nonadherent. The other two strains exhibited moderate adherence. Further in vitro study of invasion of HEp‐2 cells by S. derby and its replication in murine peritoneal macrophages was carried out using SB1 and SB4. Thin section electron micrographs revealed that SB1 invaded HEp‐2 cells but SB4 did not. The number of viable bacteria within macrophages was determined at intervals after inoculation of bacteria. The result indicates that SB1 can replicate in the macrophages but SB4 cannot. Flagella and fimbriae were compared by electron microscopy between SB1 and SB4, and their lipopolysaccharides and outer membrane proteins were also compared with each other by SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The presence of a 41 kDa protein in the outer membranes of SB1 was only the difference detected, suggesting that this protein could be a factor required for adherence of this serovar to epithelial cells.

Craniofacial Shape of Arfak People Based on Geometric Morphometric Features

Face and cranial (craniofacial) shape is highly specific to the individual; therefore, craniofacial shape is often used to identify individuals and to analyze variability in the human population. Previous studies, consisting only of verbal descriptions, suggested that the cranial shape of the Papuan people was highly variable. Despite their usefulness, verbal descriptions cannot fully demonstrate common and local variation in cranial shape. They also cannot be used to extract the general trend of variation or to group face shapes based on their similarity . Here we attempt to apply geometric analysis, a method of shape analysis, to measure facial anatomical structural landmarks of Papuan people. The craniofacial shape of Papuan people was constructed from those of Arfak people based on 16 anatomic landmarks on the lateral side . Arfak is one of the traditional Papuan tribes in Manokwari, West Papua Province. O ur result showed great variation in craniofacial shapes among the Arfak. The nose, chin, and mandible differed significantly, whereas other parts of the face were relatively stable and showed small variations. These differences reflected variations in the facial growth rate. The high level of diversity thus indicates that some parts of the face have higher plasticity in their growth pattern than others.

Salmonella population in waste water treatment installation (IPAK) at Pulo Gebang DKI Jakarta

Human typhoid fever and gastro-enteritis caused by the genus Salmonella are world-wide health problems. The serogroups of this bateria can be wed as an indicator on the food and water safety of a country. In Indonesia especially in DKI Jakarta, there is a waste treatment area (IPAK) sewing as enyironmental control. Salmonella have been isolated from IPAK using Salmonella Shigella Agar Medium. Salmonella population have been tested using Kirby-Bauer method. The result show that 937o ofthe isolated strains are sensitive to chloramphenicol and 27Vo are sensitive to tetracycline. It is suggested that Salmonella control in those environments shouLd be taken more seriosly. However chloramphenicol have a possibility as a good choice of drug.