Srinivasa Sirasanagandla Rao

A peculiar liver with surgically and radiologically important variations: a case report

A peculiar liver was found in an adult male cadaver during a dissection class for undergraduate medical students. The quadrate lobe and fissure for the ligamentum teres were totally absent. Thus, the cystic notch on the inferior border was very broad and deep, and the fundus and body of the gall bladder popped out through this notch. The cystic duct terminated into the right hepatic duct at the porta hepatis instead of terminating into the common hepatic duct. Awareness of variations of the lobes and fissures may minimize a misdiagnosis of liver problems. The aim of the current study was to alert radiologists and surgeons about possible variations in the external appearance and anomalies of the lobes and fissures of the liver.

Tendinous flexor carpi radialis: a case report

Introduction:Flexor carpi radialis is a muscle of the superficial group of muscles, in the anterior compartment of the forearm. Normally, it takes origin from the medial epicondyle of humerus and is inserted into the palmar aspect of the base of second metacarpal bone and gives off a slip to the third metacarpal in the same aspect. Case report:Here we present a case with most of FCR (except for few muscle fibres close to the origin) being replaced with tendinous portion. Discussion:The action of FCR is in combination with the other muscles acting at the wrist joint. Some of the actions include flexion, abduction and circumduction that involve FCR. Any change in the normal anatomy of the muscle would affect the normal actions at the wrist. The knowledge regarding the variations in this muscle would prove beneficial to physiotherapists and also clinicians. Other main clinical implications of FCR is in grafts. The clinical and applied aspects have been discussed in the report.

Three lateral roots of median nerve: A case report

Introduction:The median nerve is formed by the union of a lateral and a medial root from the lateral and medial cords of brachial plexus. Reports on the existence of variations in the formation, branching and communication of median nerve are seen in the literature. However, there are very few reports on the involvement of two additional lateral roots in the formation of the median nerve. Such variations are of considerable importance for surgeons, physiotherapists and other clinicians. The details regarding the formation of the median nerve, developmental considerations and its importance have been discussed here. Case report:Apart from the normal roots, two additional lateral roots were given off from the lateral cord at the level of the second part of the axillary artery. These roots then coursed superficial to the axillary artery from the lateral to medial side to join the medial root, on the medial side of the axillary artery. The medial root then crossed on to the lateral side of the axillary artery to join the lateral root to form the median nerve. The rest of the course of the median nerve was found to be normal. Conclusion: Surgeons during surgeries of the axilla and physiotherapists during rehabilitation would require knowledge of such variations in the axilla, along with use for other clinicians too.