Stanislaw M. Pietruszko

Performance of a grid connected small PV system in Poland

This paper summarises 1 year of monitoring of a roof-mounted 1-kWp grid-connected system in Warsaw. The system has been in operation since December 2000. The PV array consists of 20 Millennia MST-50 MV modules. Climatic and solar radiation conditions at the site are reviewed, and the performance of the system is assessed from a component perspective (PV array, power conditioning unit) and from a global perspective (AC power delivered to the grid, system efficiency and system reliability). The performance of the system exceeded computer simulation expectations. The annual system energy yield is about 830 kWh, and the performance ratio ranges from 0.6 to 0.8. The efficiency of the PV system is in the range of 4-5%. The installed PV system plays an important role in demonstration and education.

Feed-In Tariff: The Most Successful Support Programe

This paper discusses the advantages of FiT schemes in the market development of photovoltaics and addresses potential concerns in regarding implementation. As it is risky to assume that the increase of competitiveness of PV electricity will be ensured by market forces driving the prices for conventional energy to higher levels only, and ultimately favouring alternative energy resources, there is a need to launch support mechanisms aimed at ensuring lower inception costs for the investor and adequate gains generated throughout the life-cycle of a PV system

Analysis of the performance of grid connected photovoltaic system

The paper describes the performance of the grid-connected 1-kW PV system installed on a grammar school in Poland after eight years of operation. It was designed and installed in year 2000 and from year 2001 it is fully monitored according to guidelines of standard IEC 61724. System was build from 20 a-Si modules (Millennia MST 50 MV by BP Solar) and Sunny Boy inverter. Monitoring system consists of set of meteorological and electrical sensors connected to Sunny Boy Plus Controller supported by PC computer.

High stability of emission current for a new carbon nanostructure film

Abstract We have studied the stability in the field emission currents for a carbon nanostructure which comprises of high-density carbon nanotips on Si. The emission current decreases by ∼18% after 50 h operation at ∼ 0.5 mA / cm 2 and it fluctuates by ±2% during operation. The high stability in emission current may be due to the high density of carbon tips and stable material property of graphite. The fluctuation may be due to the absorption and desorption of molecules to the tips in a vacuum chamber during electron emission.

The role of renewable energy in carbon dioxide emission reduction in Poland

A method based on the efficiency energy coefficient (output/input) is proposed for the assessment of renewable energy sources implementation and for evaluation of their potential for CO2 emission reduction. Energy coefficients were evaluated for renewable energy sources (such as solar, wind and biomass) as well as for their conventional substitutes based on coal, oil and gas. Relative coefficients for CO2 emission reduction were calculated in cases where particular conventional energy technology is replaced by appropriate renewable energy technology. Taking into account renewable energy potential in Poland and the calculated relative coefficients, the results of this research indicate a possibility of reducing CO2 emissions in Poland by 2030 by about 40 million tonnes per year, i.e. 9·9% of the total emissions in 1989. The biggest share in this substitution comes from the use of biomass (wood and straw) and solar energy (flat-plate collectors).

Potential of renewable energies in Poland

In the paper renewable energy resources in Poland were analysed and estimated. The following sources were taken into consideration: solar radiation, biomass including biogas, liquid and solid biofuels, geothermal, hydro and wind energy. Some technologies suitable for application in Polish conditions are proposed and prospect of their development is discussed.

Hydrogen passivation of dopants in amorphous silicon

Abstract The effects of boron and phosphorus passivation by hydrogen in a-Si deposited by a low pressure chemical vapor deposition technique at high temperatures and post-hydrogenated by ion implantation were investigated. The high boron- or phosphorus-doped films were implanted with hydrogen doses corresponding to the range of 0.05–12 at.%. It was found that hydrogenation causes the deactivation of dopants, which increases with hydrogen content and that less hydrogen is necessary to initiate changes in boron- than in phosphorus-doped films.

Relaxation of thermally induced defects in LPCVD amorphous silicon

Thermally induced metastability has been studied on P doped LPCVD a-Si (low pressure chemical vapour deposited amorphous silicon) films as a function of the concentration of hydrogen in these films. The hydrogen concentration has been varied over two orders of magnitude, from 0.06 at.% in as-deposited films to 15 at.% in heavily implanted films. We find that thermal metastability effects are present even at the lowest concentrations of hydrogen. These become larger as hydrogen concentration increases. Our studies indicate that hydrogen plays an important role in thermal equilibration of a-Si:H and supports the hydrogen glass model.

The European Photovoltaic Technology Platform

The European Photovoltaic Technology Platform is one of the European Technology Platforms, a new instrument proposed by the European Commission. European Technology Platforms (ETPs) are a mechanism to bring together all interested stakeholders to develop a long-term vision to address a specific challenge, create a coherent, dynamic strategy to achieve that vision and steer the implementation of an action plan to deliver agreed programmes of activities and optimise the benefits for all parties. The European Photovoltaic Technology Platform has recently been established to define, support and accompany the implementation of a coherent and comprehensive strategic plan for photovoltaics. The platform will mobilise all stakeholders sharing a long-term European vision for PV, helping to ensure that Europe maintains and improves its industrial position. The platform will realise a European Strategic Research Agenda for PV for the next decade(s). Guided by a Steering Committee of 20 high level decision-makers representing all relevant European PV Stakeholders, the European PV Technology Platform comprises 4 Working Groups dealing with the subjects policy and instruments; market deployment; science, technology and applications as well as developing countries and is supported by a secretariat

Photovoltaics in Poland

The legislative framework and financing possibilities for photovoltaics (PV) in Poland are presented. Barriers that exist or can be encountered in implementing PV technology in Poland are identified. This paper also discusses future prospects and possibilities for developing photovoltaics in Poland. Finally, the paper suggests ways to promote, disseminate, and deploy PV technology in Poland.