Stanislaw Szpak

Evidence of nuclear reactions in the Pd lattice.

An operating Pd//D2O, Li+, Cl−//Pt cell, placed in an external electrostatic field, yielded unexpected results, viz. (i) Morphological changes in the form of discrete sites exhibiting molten-like features, i.e. features that require substantial energy expenditure. (ii) Presence of elements (Al, Mg, Ca, Si, Zn, ...) that could not be extracted from cell components and deposited on discrete sites. The cell design and the experimental protocol assuring reproducibility is described in detail.

Further evidence of nuclear reactions in the Pd/D lattice: emission of charged particles

Almost two decades ago, Fleischmann and Pons reported excess enthalpy generation in the negatively polarized Pd/D-D2O system, which they attributed to nuclear reactions. In the months and years that followed, other manifestations of nuclear activities in this system were observed, viz. tritium and helium production and transmutation of elements. In this report, we present additional evidence, namely, the emission of highly energetic charged particles emitted from the Pd/D electrode when this system is placed in either an external electrostatic or magnetostatic field. The density of tracks registered by a CR-39 detector was found to be of a magnitude that provides undisputable evidence of their nuclear origin. The experiments were reproducible. A model based upon electron capture is proposed to explain the reaction products observed in the Pd/D-D2O system.

On the Behavior of the Pd/D System: Evidence for Tritium Production

Evidence for tritium production in the Pd/D system under cathodic polarization is presented. A comparison of the observed distribution and that calculated, based on the conservation of mass, leads to the conclusion that tritium is produced sporadically at an estimated rate of ∼10 3 to 10 4 atom/s. The results of several runs are interpreted by employing the concept of an electrode/ electrolyte interphase and the accepted kinetics of hydrogen evolution. Burstlike events followed by longer periods of inactivity yield poor reproducibility when distributions are averaged over the total time ofelectrolysis.

Raman and infrared spectroscopy of the AlCl3–SOCl2 system

The structural aspects of the AlCl3–SOCl2 system have been examined by vibrational spectroscopy. The SOCl2 molecule exhibits amphoteric character, i.e. it can act simultaneously as a donor through the oxygen atom and as an acceptor through the sulphur atom. The liquid state contains loosely bound, open-chain dimers/oligomers, (Cl2SO)n with n 2. The dissolution of Al2Cl6 in SOCl2 occurs dissociatively with the formation of Cl2SO → AlCl3 adducts. At higher AlCl3 concentrations, an increase in solution electrical conductivity is attributed to the reaction: 2Cl2SO → AlCl3⇌[Cl2Al(â†� OSCl2)2]++ AlCl–4