Stanley H. Cramer

Correlates of Empathy and Cognitive Style in Early Adolescence

This research examined the correlations among cognitive style, empathic traits, and other variables such as age, sex, grade, school ability, birth order, and school-related achievement, identified from previous empathy and cognitive-style research. Subjects were 840 seventh and eighth grade students. The Hogan Empathy Scale measured empathic disposition globally, while the Interpersonal Reactivity Index measured dimensional traits of empathic concern, personal distress, perspective taking, and fantasy. Cognitive style was assessed on the Group Embedded Figures Test. No significant correlation appeared between empathy and cognitive style as measured by this instrument. Two empathy factors were identified, a general empathic factor and a withdrawn personal distress factor. Correlations with the other variables are presented and discussed.

Student Recruitment and Career Planning

I do not need to tell you that hospitality is now the second largest industry in America. This fact is a good representation of the four main changes that have taken place in the American occupational structure during the last quarter-century. First, the number of employees in goods producing industries have remained relatively constant, while employees in industries providing services have increased dramatically. Consequently, more than