Stanley Shapiro

Phenomenology of precipitation in copper-20 pct nickel-20 pct manganese

The precipitation phenomena in the alloy copper-20 pct nickel-20 pct manganese have been investigated. Utilizing transmission electron microscopy as the principal tool; the effects of aging temperature and time as well as prior cold work were studied. For all aging temperatures the reaction products are the solute depleted fcc solid solution and an ordered structure with fct symmetry. Three aging temperatures characterized by different precipitate morphologies were studied. At 350°C discontinuous precipitation is the predominant mode of decomposition. Precipitate colonies nucleate at grain and twin boundaries and eventually grow through the entire structure. Microtwinning of the colony matrix accompanies the precipitation reaction. At 450°C both grain boundary nucleated discontinuous precipitates and fine periodic homogeneous arrays are observed in the absence of cold work. The fine periodic arrays coarsen and eventually form nuclei for the ordered fct phase. The coarsening of the periodic arrays prohibits the growth of the discontinuous precipitate early in the process, so only a small volume fraction of discontinuous precipitate is formed at the grain boundaries. Aging subsequent to cold work results in ordered, fct precipitates heterogeneously nucleated on dislocations. At 500°C no precipitate is observed in the absence of cold work. When aging is preceded by cold work, the ordered fct phase appears as heterogeneously nucleated Widmanstatten laths. No grain boundary nucleated colonies are observed at this temperature.