Steadman Upham

The Production Step Measure: An Ordinal Index of Labor Input in Ceramic Manufacture

Netting, R. McC. 1972 Sacred power and centralization: aspects of political adaptation in Africa. In Population growth, edited by B. Spooner, pp. 219-244. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. Peebles, C. S., and S. M. Kus 1977 Some archaeological correlates of ranked societies. American Antiquity 42:421-448. Reichel-Dolmatoff, G. 1972a The feline motif in prehistoric San Agustin. In The cult of the feline, edited by E. P. Benson, pp. 51-64. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C. 1972b San Agustin, a culture of Colombia. Praeger, New York. Saville, M. H. 1900 A votive adze of jadeite from Mexico. Monumental Records 1:138-140. 1929 Votive axes from ancient Mexico. Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, Indian Notes 6:266-299, 335-342. Service, E. R. 1975 Origins of the state and civilization. Norton, New York. Shurtleff, D. B., R. Kronmal, and E. L. Foltz 1975 Follow-up comparison of hydrocephalus with and without myelomeningocele. Journal of Neurosurgery 42:61-68. Simpson, D. 1976 Congenital malformations of the nervous system. Medical Journal of Australia 1:700-702. Smith, E. D. 1965 Spina bifida and the total care of spinal myelomeningocele. Charles C Thomas, Springfield, I11. Stirling, M. W. 1955 Stone monuments of the Rio Chiquito, Veracruz, Mexico. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 157. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 1965 Monumental sculpture of southern Veracruz and Tabasco. In Handbook of Middle American Indians 3:716-738. University of Texas Press, Austin. 1968 Early history of the Olmec problem. In Dumbarton Oaks conference on the Olmec, edited by E. P. Benson, pp. 1-8. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C. Vogal, E. H. 1970 Anterior sacral meningocele as a gynecological problem. Surgery in gynecology and obstetrics 136:766. Watt, R. C. 1976 Ostomies: why, how and where. Nursing Clinics of North America 11(3):393-404. Weaver, M. P. 1972 The Aztecs, Maya, and their predecessors: the archaeology of Mesoamerica. Seminar Press, New York. Weisman, A. I. 1965 Grand rounds a thousand years before Columbus. Pfizer Spectrum 13:26-29. Wicke, C. R. 1971 Olmec: an early art style of Precolumbian Mexico. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. Yamamoto, H. 1970 Intra-thoracic meningocele. Japanese Journal of Thoracic Surgery 23:48.

Political Hierarchies and Organizational Strategies in the Puebloan Southwest

This paper offers a new perspective for the study of prehistoric Pueblo political organization in the American Southwest. In reviewing salient developments in Puebloan archaeology over the last 20 years, we discuss shortcomings in previous studies that argued for either “simple” or “complex” societies without recognizing the potential for hierarchy and equality to coexist simultaneously in all human societies. An alternative approach is outlined that considers corporate and network strategies of political action as a continuum for examining the organizational structure of Southwestern societies. Consideration of the corporate-network dimension is not seen as a replacement for the dimension of hierarchy, but as an analog to it. We consider the utility of this approach in analyzing the community organization of historic Pueblos and argue that the corporate-network continuum may have “deep” time depth in the broader region of the Desert West. Our findings suggest that a diverse range of corporate and network strategies were employed among residents of pithouse villages (A.D. 200-900) and that the pithouse-to-pueblo transition (ca. A.D. 700-1000) marked a significant organizational shift to more corporate forms of political action that also characterize historic and modern Pueblos.

Nomads of the Desert West: A shifting continuum in prehistory

The Desert West, a term first employed by Jesse D. Jennings to describe the geographic region where Desert culture evolved, is used to frame a discussion of adaptive diversity that focuses on the time period 1250 to 750 B.P. Variable pathways into and out of sedentism are explored and subsistence intensification, exchange, ideology, and warfare are discussed in relation to an adaptive mosaic of nomads and agriculturalists. I argue that a conjoint prehistory of the Great Basin and the Southwest is both possible and desirable and is needed to illuminate general social processes and major episodes of culture change affecting groups in the Desert West.

Obscuring Cultural Patterns in the Archaeological Record: A Discussion from Southwestern Archaeology

Failure to distinguish clearly between human behavior and cultural behavior, as well as inattention to procedures for evaluating inferences about the past, undermine some recent efforts in archaeological interpretation. Examples from the archaeological literature of the American Southwest show how analytical confusion may arise when research strategies obscure cultural variability. We are especially concerned about instances in which archaeologists assume that variability in archaeological assemblages derives primarily or exclusively from variability in human behavior (rather than cultural behavior) or from noncultural processes that are instrumental in forming the archaeological record. Suggestions for modifying research strategies to avoid these problems are offered.

A Hopi social history : anthropological perspectives on sociocultural persistence and change

Preface Part One. Persistence, Change, and History 1. Perspectives on Persistence and Change 2. The Western Pueblo and the Hopis Part Two. A Hopi Social History 3. Regional Abandonments and the Western Pueblo (A.D. 1450-1539) 4. Colonial Contact, Disease, and Population Decline in the Western Pueblo Region (A.D. 1540-1679) 5. Hopi Resistance to Subjugation and Change (A.D. 1680-1879) 6. Village Fission at Old Oraibi (A.D. 1880-1909) 7. Accommodation to the Modern World (A.D. 1910-1990) Part Three. Process, Explanation, and Social History 8. Environment, Population, and Cultural Contact: The Exogenous Processes of Persistence and Change 9. Social Structure, Culture, and Human Agency: The Endogenous Processes of Persistence and Change 10. Explanation and Hopi Social History Notes References Index

Culture and Cultural Behavior: One More Time, Please

We are pleased that Reid et al. (1989) responded to our recent article (Cordell et al. 1987). Although they have misunderstood and misrepresented much of what we wrote and believed that we had made clear, their remarks reveal the deficiencies in research procedures outlined in our original paper. In their comments in this issue, Reid and others continue to emphasize procedures for evaluating archaeological inferences that are incomplete. As stated in our original article, we do not think these procedures are wrong. We reiterate that they are not in themselves fully adequate for resolving important issues in archaeological interpretation. We agree with Reid and others that understanding formation processes (both cultural and noncultural) is an important endeavor for archaeologists. We also believe there is variation in the archaeological record that does not emerge from a catalog of formation processes. Such variation should be of interest to archaeologists. Finally, because Reid and others continue to confuse those concerns of a general nature that we discussed in our article with those matters related to specific interpretations of data from southwestern archaeology, we address them separately here.

The Evolution of Political Systems: Sociopolitics in Small-Scale Sedentary Societies

List of tables List of figures Foreword by JONATHAN HAAS Preface 1. Decoupling the processes of political evolution STEADMAN UPHAM SECTION I- EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVES AND EXPLANATORY EVOLUTION 2. Population, permanent agriculture, and polities: unpacking the evolutionary portmaneau ROBERT McC. NETTING 3. Selection and evolution in non-hierarchical organisation DAVID P. BRAUN 4. Analog or digital?: toward a generic framework for explaining the development of emergent political systems STEADMAN UPHAM SECTION II - THE ROLE OF DECISION-MAKING, PRODUCTIVE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES IN POLITICAL CHANGE 5. Maintaining economic equality in opposition to complexity: an Iroquoian case study BRUCE G. TRIGGER 6. One path to the heights: negotiating political inequality in the Sausa of Peru CHRISTINE A. HASTORF 7. Agriculture, sedentism, and environment in the evolution of political systems STEPHEN PLOG SECTION III - MARXIST VIEWS OF POLITICAL CHANGE 8. Politics and surplus flow in prehistoric communal societies DEAN J. SAITTA and ARTHUR S. KEENE 9. Primitive communism and the origin of social inequality RICHARD B. LEE 10. The dynamics of nonhierarchival societies BARBARA BENDER

Toward Useful Clarification: Response to Paine

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