Stephen J. Dollinger

Creativity and Values

ABSTRACT Barron (1997) and Helson (1990) independently have suggested that a central element in all forms of creativity is the desire or goal to be creative, implying creativity as a core value. Based on these assertions and Schwartzs (1992) theory, we tested the prediction that creative individuals will hold a different values system than their less creative counterparts. University students (N = 278) completed the Schwartz Values Survey (Schwartz, 1992), as well as a behaviorally-based self-report measure of creative accomplishments. At separate occasions, 134 of these participants also devised three creative products rated by the consensual assessment method. In keeping with prediction, creative accomplishments and products correlated significantly not only with the self-direction value composite (both including and excluding the individual item creativity), but also universalism and stimulation. Accomplishments and products correlated negatively with the value composites of tradition, security, and power. These results support the view that creativity is grounded in values, and support Schwartzs model of the dynamic structure of values as a predictor of behavior.

Reliability and validity of single-item self-reports: with special relevance to college students' alcohol use, religiosity, study, and social life.

The authors tested the assumption that single-item measures have unacceptably low reliability and validity. On 2 occasions 11 weeks apart, college students reported on the frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption, 2 religious behaviors, time of study and of socializing (focal items), and other qualities and characteristics. Most test-retest reliabilities were good to excellent; objective facts were more reliable than subjective evaluations; and target items had good validity when correlated with 2-week nightly log records of corresponding behaviors in a multimethod multitrait matrix. The exception was self-reported study, with relatively low reliability and validity, suggesting the non-trait-like quality of this behavior. Single-item measures may be better than commonly thought.

Recognizing, assessing, and intervening with problems of professional competence.

THIS ARTICLE WAS AUTHORED by members of a workgroup on students with competence problems associated with the Council of Chairs of Training Councils, which is affiliated with the Education Directorate of the American Psychological Association. Nadine J. Kaslow and Nancy J. Rubin took primary responsibility for crafting this manuscript. Nadine J. Kaslow is the workgroup chair. To the extent possible, the remaining authors are listed in the order of their contributions: Nadine J. Kaslow, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine; Nancy J. Rubin, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine—Tuscaloosa Campus; Linda Forrest, Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon; Nancy S. Elman, Psychology in Education, University of Pittsburgh; Barbara A. Van Horne, Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Sue C. Jacobs, Applied Health and Educational Psychology, Oklahoma State University; Stephen K. Huprich, Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University; Sherry A. Benton, Counseling Services, Kansas State University; Victor F. Pantesco, Department of Clinical Psychology, Antioch University New England; Stephen J. Dollinger, Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University; Catherine L. Grus, Education Directorate, American Psychological Services; Stephen H. Behnke, Ethics Office, American Psychological Association; David S. Shen Miller, Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon; Craig N. Shealy, Department of Graduate Psychology, James Madison University; Laurie B. Mintz, Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Missouri-Columbia; Rebecca Schwartz-Mette, Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Columbia; Kristi Van Sickle, Department of Psychology, James A. Haley VA Hospital in Tampa; Beverly E. Thorn, Department of Psychology, University of Alabama. CORRESPONDENCE CONCERNING THIS ARTICLE should be addressed to Nadine J. Kaslow, Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Grady Hospital, 80 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, Atlanta, GA 30303. E-mail: nkaslow@emory.edu Professional Psychology: Research and Practice Copyright 2007 by the American Psychological Association 2007, Vol. 38, No. 5, 479–492 0735-7028/07/

Photographic depictions of the self: Gender and age differences in social connectedness

12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0735-7028.38.5.479

The relationship between psychometric intelligence and the five-factor model of personality in a rehabilitation sample.

With primarily (88%) Caucasian participants, the autophotography method [R. C. Ziller (1990), Photographing the Self, Newbury Park, California: Sage] was used to test for gender differences in social connectedness as hypothesized by a number of scholars [e.g., M. F. Belenky, B. M. Clinchy, N. R. Goldberger, and J. M. Tarule (1986), Womens Ways of Knowing, New York: Basic Books; N. Chodorow (1978), The Reproduction of Mothering, Berkeley: University of California Press; C. Gilligan (1982), In a Different Voice, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; J. V. Jordan (1991), “The Relational Self: A New Perspective for Understanding Womens Development,” in J. Strauss and G. R. Goethals (Eds.), The Self: Interdisciplinary Approaches, New York: Springer-Verlag; N. P. Lyons (1983), “Two Perspectives: On Self, Relationships, and Mortality,” Harvard Educational Review, Vol. 53, pp. 125–145]. Relative to men (N=59), women (N=142) included more pictures of self-with-others, people smiling, people touching, groups of people, and family in their autophotographic essays. Relative to women, men had more photos of the self-alone and more photos involving physical activity and motor vehicles. Age trends suggested (a) increasing connectedness among women but not among men, and (b) greater transcendence of temporal and material concerns for both genders. When taken together with past findings employing more verbal methods, the results provide compelling evidence that women define themselves in more socially connected terms whereas mens self-definitions emphasize the quality of separateness.

Identity, self, and personality: II. Glimpses through the autophotographic eye.

WAIS-R and NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) scores obtained from 85 rehabilitation clients of the Evaluation and Development Center of Southern Illinois Universitys Rehabilitation Institute were utilized to examine the relationship between psychometric intelligence and personality. Correlational analyses revealed that the NEO-PI Openness domain and its six facets significantly correlated with WAIS-R FSIQ, VIQ, PIQ, and 9 of the 11 subtests. Multiple regression analyses showed that the five NEO-PI domains accounted for significant proportions of WAIS-R, FSIQ, VIQ, and PIQ score variance. The NEO-PI Openness domain was found to be the best predictor of WAIS-R FSIQ, VIQ, and PIQ scores. The study concludes with a discussion of the meaning and implications of the findings and suggestions for future research.

APPLYING THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY FACTORS TO THE IMPOSTOR PHENOMENON

: Subjects were 201 college students, who used R. C. Zillers (1990) autophotographic method to answer the question who are you? Richness of self-depiction (i.e., creative and self-expressive vs. prosaic photo essays) and interpersonal connectedness of the self were examined. As expected, Openness to Experience from the 5-factor model predicted richness of photo essays. Among women, Neuroticism and Introversion also predicted richness. As expected, Extraversion and Agreeableness related to interpersonal orientations in photo essays. Intergenerational photos had especially salient meaning for personality. Three other predictions received support, bearing on such identity-relevant categories as alcohol use, religiosity, self-exhibition in bathing attire, and identification with ones school. Results are integrated with literature on interpersonal connectedness and the relation of creativity to personality.

Identity and Creativity

The purpose of this study was to relate the impostor phenomenon (IP) to the Five-factor model of personality. A sample of 190 college students (79 men, 111 women) completed the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (Clance, 1985), the Perceived Fradulence Scale (Kolligian & Sternberg, 1991), and the NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised (Costa & McCrae, 1992). Results of correlational and regression analyses support the predicted relations of imposter measures with high Neuroticism and low Conscientiousness. Facet-level correlations showed that depression and anxiety were particularly important characteristics of those with imposter feelings as well as low self-discipline and perceived competence. Implications for treatment and future research on the IP are discussed.

Individualism‐collectivism in horizontal and vertical directions as predictors of conflict management styles

Emerging adulthood is a period for exploration of identity aspects including occupational identity, and creative activity may contribute to or result from this exploration. Grounded in several conceptions of identity, particularly that of Erik Erikson, this research tested the prediction that identity processes predict creativity. In 2 studies (N = 250), university students completed measures of identity (Berzonskys Identity Styles Inventory; Cheeks Aspects of Identity Questionnaire), plus creative potential (Creative Personality Scale), accomplishments (behavior checklist and open-ended listing), and products (drawings, stories). In keeping with prediction, these findings demonstrated that those who are information-seeking in style and emphasize their personal identity have the greatest potential creativity and evidence the greatest number of creative accomplishments in their young lives, whereas those emphasizing normative or collective identities evidenced fewer accomplishments. These identity variables contributed over and above the effects of gender and verbal ability. Results fit well with past findings in the creativity literature but represent a new direction for identity research and theory.

Music preference correlates of Jungian types.

Purpose – This study aims to examine the role of horizontal and vertical individualism‐collectivism in explaining conflict management styles. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 640 respondents completed the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory‐II (ROCI‐II, Form C) designed to assess five conflict management styles and the individualism‐collectivism (I‐C) scale designed to assess the vertical and horizontal aspects of individualism‐collectivism. Findings – Correlation and regression analyses provide support for a conceptual fit between cultural dimensions and conflict management styles. Horizontal and vertical aspects of individualism‐collectivism explained 5‐20 percent of the variance in the various conflict management styles. Specifically, individuals displaying an individualist orientation (horizontal and vertical) tended to give greater importance to satisfying personal needs and preferred a dominating style, rather than an obliging or avoiding style. In contrast, collectivists (horizontal and...