Steve Greenberg

Miscellaneous electrical energy use in homes

About 18% of all U.S. residential electricity, or 1600 kWh/yr per household, is used for miscellaneous appliances. Such appliances include waterbeds, dehumidifiers, television sets, well pumps, and clocks. The saturations, stocks, and electricity use for 35 appliances within the miscellaneous category have been estimated. Nationally, few miscellaneous appliances consume more than 2% of total electricity use, compared to 20% for refrigerators and 12% for electric water heating. However, in any given home, one of several miscellaneous appliances could be among the largest consumers of electricity. Failure to recognize the contribution of miscellaneous appliances to overall electricity demand can lead to erroneous forecasts because their demand is incorrectly attributed to space heating, air conditioning, refrigeration, and other standard end uses. In addition, there will be smaller savings from conservation programs aimed at standard end uses. Several trends suggest that the energy use of miscellaneous appliances will grow. In some new homes, miscellaneous appliances account for more than 40% of total electricity use.

Technology assessment: energy-efficient belt transmissions

Abstract Belt transmissions are widely used in industry and in commercial buildings to couple electric motors with a wide variety of loads. In order to ensure reliable performance and optimize the overall efficiency of motor drives, it is important to select the most suitable belt transmission for each particular application. This paper surveys the characteristics of the different belt types, with a particular emphasis on their energy efficiency, cost-effectiveness and field of application. In order to increase the penetration of energy-efficient belt drives, research, development and demonstration actions are also proposed, which can contribute to tapping a considerable savings potential.

Direct Liquid Cooling for Electronic Equipment

Author(s): Coles, Henry | Abstract: This report documents a demonstration of an electronic--equipment cooling system in the engineering prototype development stage that can be applied in data centers. The technology provides cooling by bringing a water--based cooling fluid into direct contact with high--heat--generating electronic components. This direct cooling system improves overall data center energy efficiency in three ways: High--heat--generating electronic components are more efficiently cooled directly using water, capturing a large portion of the total electronic equipment heat generated. This captured heat reduces the load on the less--efficient air--based data center room cooling systems. The combination contributes to the overall savings. The power consumption of the electronic equipment internal fans is significantly reduced when equipped with this cooling system. The temperature of the cooling water supplied to the direct cooling system can be much higher than that commonly provided by facility chilled water loops, and therefore can be produced with lower cooling infrastructure energy consumption and possibly compressor-free cooling. Providing opportunities for heat reuse is an additional benefit of this technology. The cooling system can be controlled to produce high return water temperatures while providing adequate component cooling. The demonstration was conducted in a data center located at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California. Thirty--eight servers equipped with the liquid cooling system and instrumented for energy measurements were placed in a single rack. Two unmodified servers of the same configuration, located in an adjacent rack, were used to provide a baseline. The demonstration characterized the fraction of heat removed by the direct cooling technology, quantified the energy savings for a number of cooling infrastructure scenarios, and provided information that could be used to investigate heat reuse opportunities. Thermal measurement data were used with data center energy use modeling software to estimate overall site energy use. These estimates show that an overall data center energy savings of approximately 20 percent can be expected if a center is retrofitted as specified in the models used. Increasing the portion of heat captured by this technology is an area suggested for further development.

How Does Your Data Center Measure Up? Energy Efficiency Metrics and Benchmarks for Data Center Infrastructure Systems

How Does Your Data Center Measure Up? Energy Efficiency Metrics and Benchmarks for Data Center Infrastructure Systems Paul Mathew, Ph.D., Staff Scientist Steve Greenberg, P.E., Energy Management Engineer Srirupa Ganguly, Research Associate Dale Sartor, P.E., Applications Team Leader William Tschudi, P.E., Program manager Environmental Energy Technologies Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory April 2009

Demonstration of Intelligent Control and Fan Improvements in Computer Room Air Handlers

LBNL-XXXXX Demonstration of Intelligent Control and Fan Improvements in Computer Room Air Handlers Henry Coles and Steve Greenberg, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Corinne Vita, Vigilent Environmental Energy Technologies Division November 2012

Accelerating Energy Efficiency in Indian Data Centers: Final Report for Phase I Activities:

This report documents Phase 1 of the “Accelerating Energy Efficiency in Indian Data Centers” initiative to support the development of an energy efficiency policy framework for Indian data centers. The initiative is being led by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), in collaboration with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)-U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, and under the guidance of Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE). It is also part of the larger Power and Energy Efficiency Working Group of the US-India Bilateral Energy Dialogue. The initiative consists of two phases: Phase 1 (November 2014 – September 2015) and Phase 2 (October 2015 – September 2016).

Data Center Energy Efficiency Standards in India

Global data center energy consumption is growing rapidly. In India, information technology industry growth, fossil-fuel generation, and rising energy prices add significant operational costs and carbon emissions from energy-intensive data centers. Adoption of energy-efficient practices can improve the global competitiveness and sustainability of data centers in India. Previous studies have concluded that advancement of energy efficiency standards through policy and regulatory mechanisms is the fastest path to accelerate the adoption of energy-efficient practices in the Indian data centers. In this study, we reviewed data center energy efficiency practices in the United States, Europe, and Asia. Using evaluation metrics, we identified an initial set of energy efficiency standards applicable to the Indian context using the existing policy mechanisms. These preliminary findings support next steps to recommend energy efficiency standards and inform policy makers on strategies to adopt energy-efficient technologies and practices in Indian data centers.

Self-benchmarking Guide for Laboratory Buildings: Metrics, Benchmarks, Actions

Self-benchmarking Guide for Laboratory Buildings: Metrics, Benchmarks, Actions Paul Mathew, Ph.D. Steve Greenberg, P.E. Dale Sartor, P.E. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, California Prepared for: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority 13 July 2009

Data Center Energy Benchmarking: Part 3 - Case Study on an ITEquipment-testing Center (No. 20)

Data Center Energy Benchmarking: Part 3 - Case Study on an IT Equipment-testing Center (No. 20) Final Report July 2007 Tengfang Xu and Steve Greenberg Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) Berkeley CA 94720 Draft provided by EYP Mission Critical Facilities Los Angeles, CA 90064 and Landsberg Engineering, P.C. Clifton Park, NY 12065

Data Center Energy Benchmarking: Part 2 - Case Studies on TwoCo-location Network Data Centers (No. 18 and 19)

Data Center Energy Benchmarking: Part 2 - Case Studies on Two Co-location Network Data Centers (No. 18 and 19) Final Report August 2007 Final Report prepared by Tengfang Xu and Steve Greenberg Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) Berkeley CA 94720 Draft provided by EYP Mission Critical Facilities Los Angeles, CA 90064 and Landsberg Engineering, P.C. Clifton Park, NY 12065