Steven Hubbard

Using Structural Equation Modeling to Validate the Theory of Planned Behavior as a Model for Predicting Student Cheating

The purpose of this paper is to validate the use of a modified Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) for predicting undergraduate student cheating. Specifically, we administered a survey assessing how the TPB relates to cheating along with a measure of moral reasoning (DIT- 2) to 527 undergraduate students across three institutions; and analyzed the data using structural equation modeling. Results confirmed using the modified TPB as a model for predicting student cheating and the importance of understanding how cheating varies for students in different periods of moral reasoning development, namely moral consolidation and moral transition.

Attitudes, Perceptions, and Preferences of Faculty at Hispanic Serving and Predominantly Black Institutions

Faculty attitudes toward students and their profession can greatly enhance or diminish outcomes of students and the campus environment. By examining variations in faculty attitudes, opinions about students, and satisfaction with their profession, this study explores differences in learning environments for students attending Hispanic Serving Institutions and Predominantly Black Institutions.

Chapter 1 Undergraduate Institutions that Foster Black Scientists

This project focused on data from institutions graduating baccalaureate students who ultimately earned science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) doctorates in the sciences across a 15-year period. This project employed multiple regression and comparison of difference scores to identify colleges that produced comparatively high numbers of black bachelors graduates who went on to earn STEM doctoral degrees. It identified colleges and universities that “overproduced” compared with peers and with predicted numbers of students of color who earned baccalaureate degrees and then went on to earn doctorates in STEM fields.

Measuring professional identity formation early in medical school

Abstract Aim: To assess the feasibility and utility of measuring baseline professional identity formation (PIF) in a theory-based professionalism curriculum for early medical students. Methods: All 132 entering students completed the professional identity essay (PIE) and the defining issues test (DIT2). Students received score reports with individualized narrative feedback and wrote a structured reflection after a large-group session in which the PIF construct was reviewed. Analysis of PIEs resulted in assignment of a full or transitional PIF stage (1–5). The DIT2 score reflects the proportion of the time students used universal ethical principles to justify a response to 6 moral dilemma cases. Students’ reflections were content analyzed. Results: PIF scores were distributed across stage 2/3, stage 3, stage 3/4, and stage 4. No student scores were in stages 1, 2, 4/5, or 5. The mean DIT2 score was 53% (range 9.7?76.5%); the correlation between PIF stage and DIT score was ρ =  0.18 (p = 0.03). Students who took an analytic approach to the data and demonstrated both awareness that they are novices and anticipation of continued PIF tended to respond more positively to the feedback. Conclusions: These PIF scores distributed similarly to novice students in other professions. Developmental-theory based PIF and moral reasoning measures are related. Students reflected on these measures in meaningful ways suggesting utility of measuring PIF scores in medical education.

Art in Transportation, Multimodal Overview

In recent decades interest in incorporating art into transportation facilities has increased. Proponents suggest that art is appropriate for inclusion in many modes of transportation and that transportation facilities serve as an ideal venue for art, allowing the public to appreciate art during daily life, be it during a commute, recreational trip, or community festival. This paper provides an introduction to art and transportation, for public transportation as well as other surface transportation modes, including roadway, pedestrian, and bicycle facilities. A brief history of transportation art and public art is presented, as well as legislation that enables local agencies to leverage federal funds and support the integration of art into transportation projects. Examples of art in transportation for multiple modes are presented that illustrate the wide range of possibilities across the country.