Stig Enemark

Building modern land administration systems in developed economies

Land Administration Systems (LAS) are institutional frameworks complicated by the tasks they must perform, by national cultural, political and judicial settings, and by technology. This paper assists sharing LAS capacity among countries with diverse legal systems and institutional structures by identifying an ideal and historically neutral LAS model for : • servicing the needs of governments, business and the public, • utilising the latest technologies, • servicing rights, responsibilities, restrictions and risks in relation to land, and • delivering much broader information about sustainable development. Case studies of Denmark and Victoria are used to test existing systems against the model.

Capacity Building in Land Administration: a Conceptual Approach

Abstract Capacity building is increasingly seen as a key component of land administration projects in developing and countries in transition undertaken by the international development banks and individual country development assistance agencies. However, the capacity building concept is often used within a narrow meaning such as focusing on staff development through formal education and training programmes to meet the lack of qualified personnel in a project in the short term. This article argues that capacity building measures should be addressed in the wider context of developing institutional infrastructures for implementing land policies in a sustainable way. Where a project is established to create land administration infrastructures in developing or transition countries, it is critical that capacity building is a mainstream component, not as an add-on, which is often the case. In fact such projects should be dealt with as capacity building projects in themselves. The article introduces a conceptual analytical framework that provides some guidance when dealing with capacity building for land administration in support of a broader land policy agenda.

CAPACITY BUILDING IN LAND MANAGEMENT - IMPLEMENTING LAND POLICY REFORMS IN MALAWI

Abstract There is a significant need for capacity building in the interdisciplinary area of land management, especially in developing countries and countries in transition, to deal with the complex issues of building efficient land information systems and sustainable institutional infrastructures. Capacity building in land management is not only a question of establishing a sufficient technological level or sufficient economic resources. It is mainly a question of understanding the interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral nature of land administration systems, and understanding the need for human resource development in this area. Furthermore, capacity building should ensure that the focus is on building sound institutions and good governance rather than just high-level IT-infrastructures. This overall approach to capacity building in land management is used for implementing a new land policy reform in Malawi. The paper presents the new decentralized land policy developed as a response to the current land related problems in Malawi. The deficit in terms of qualified personnel is remarkable and calls for immediate action. An integrated curriculum is developed to provide the necessary skilled technicians and professionals for implementing the new land policy. The curriculum combines the diploma and the bachelor level and it combines the key areas of land surveying, land management and physical planning.

Land administration infrastructures for sustainable development

The paper presents a global model for understanding land administration systems in support of sustainable development. The evolution of these systems is presented as a response to the dynamic relation between humankind and land. The Nordic evolution is described with a focus that any land administration system is embedded in the cultural and judicial setting of the individual country/jurisdiction. The issue of spatial information infrastructures is recognised as an increasingly important component for achieving sustainable development in developed as well as developing countries. The paper discusses the conceptual, political and economic mechanisms, and examples are given with regard to the Danish conceptual approach in this area. Finally, the paper deals with the issue of decentralisation and the impact of central vs local government in land management in support of sustainable development. It is argued that competencies should rest with the lowest possible level of jurisdiction so as to combine responsibility for decision making with accountability for financial and environmental consequences.

Framework for Discussion of Digital Spatial Data Flow within Cadastral Systems

This is a preprint of an article whose final and definitive form has been published in The Australian Surveyor

Understanding cadastral maps

This is a preprint of an article whose final and definitive form has been published in the The Australian Surveyor

Land administration, planning and human rights

The people-to-land relationship is dynamic and changes over time in response to cultural, social and economic development. Land policies, institutions and land administration systems are key tools aimed at governing this relationship. Such tools will normally include the means for allocating and controlling rights, restrictions and responsibilities in land – often termed RRRs. Each of the rights, restrictions and responsibilities encompasses a human rights dimension that should be seen and unfolded as more than just political rhetoric. This article attempts to analyse the aspect of human rights in relation to land administration systems with a special focus on less developed countries struggling to build adequate systems for governing the rights, restrictions and responsibilities in land. In doing so, the article conceives planning as a key function and means of land administration systems by which human rights should be underpinned in solving concrete land issues.

SURVEYING THE SURVEYING PROFESSION

Abstract Since the late 1960s the Danish Association of Chartered Surveyors has carried out a survey of the surveying profession evelY 10 years starting in 1967. The changes taken place over these 30 years and especially over the last two decades are quit remarkable. The professional profile of the Danish surveyors is a combination of technical, judicial and design areas. The profile thus is a mix of an engineer, a lawyer and an architect. The professional fields then consist of three areas: surveying and mapping, cadastre and land management, and spatial planning. Cadastral tasks are the monopoly of licensed surveyors in private practice, and the role of the private licensed surveyor has traditionally epitomised the Danish surveyor. However, both the structure of the surveying profession and the professional profile of the Danish surveyor are turned upside down over the latest two decades. The paper presents the concept used for surveying the surveying profession. The concept is designed for monitoring the professional profile in surveying as well as the surveying market. The key result of the survey is that “the only constant is change”. The concept is used as a strategic tool for professional development to manage this constant change. Surveying the surveying profession, this way, provides a basisforprofessional development, and it provides a backbonefor the profession itself.

Global network and global centre for problem based learning

New skills are required of engineering graduates to meet the needs from industry and society - team working, communication, project management, cross-cultural skills etc. in addition to engineering professional skills. These requirements are met implicitly via the problem based learning concept. Aalborg University has proven to hold a strong position in problem-based learning (PBL) and, an increasing number of universities and engineering schools worldwide are seeking consultancy and co-operation with Aalborg University. On that background the Global UICEE Centre for problem-based learning (UCPBL) is established. This paper describes the UCPBL profile and plan of action. The activities include consultancy for university organisations that are changing from a traditional educational concept to PBL concept, staff development on organisational level, educational level and pedagogical level, a PBL master programme and short courses. We are involved in (re)-organising universities in developing countries and focus on capacity building. Continuing professional development is also a natural task of the centre as one of more aspects of university-industry cooperation. In the paper and presentation we also mention the global aspect of our work and the establishment of the global network on problem based learning and how to be involved in this.