Stina Lindmark

Fat cell enlargement is an independent marker of insulin resistance and ‘hyperleptinaemia’

Aims/hypothesisThe aim of this study was to explore whether fat cell size in human subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue is independently related to insulin action and adipokine levels.Materials and methodsFat cells were prepared from abdominal subcutaneous biopsies obtained from 49 type 2 diabetic and 83 non-diabetic subjects and from omental biopsies obtained from 37 non-diabetic subjects. Cell size and insulin action on glucose uptake capacity in vitro were assessed in isolated fat cells. Insulin sensitivity in vivo was assessed with euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamps. Fasting blood samples were collected and adipokines and NEFA were measured.ResultsNegative correlations were found between subcutaneous fat cell size and insulin sensitivity assessed as M-value during clamp and as insulin action on glucose uptake in fat cells in vitro. This was seen in non-diabetic subjects after including age, sex and BMI in the analyses. No such relationship was found in type 2 diabetic subjects. In both groups, subcutaneous fat cell size correlated positively and independently with plasma levels of leptin but not to any of the other assessed adipokines. In non-diabetic subjects, omental fat cell size was independently and negatively correlated with insulin action in subcutaneous, but not omental, fat cells in vitro.Conclusions/interpretationFat cell enlargement is associated with insulin resistance in non-diabetic individuals independently of BMI. This was not seen in type 2 diabetic subjects, suggesting that after development of type 2 diabetes other factors, not related to fat cell size, become more important for the modulation of insulin resistance.

Does the autonomic nervous system play a role in the development of insulin resistance? A study on heart rate variability in first‐degree relatives of Type 2 diabetes patients and control subjects

Aims To investigate dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system as a potential mechanism for early insulin resistance in the development of Type 2 diabetes.

Insulin resistance, endocrine function and adipokines in type 2 diabetes patients at different glycaemic levels: potential impact for glucotoxicity in vivo

Objective  To evaluate the interplay between hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, hormones and adipokines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Endocrine abnormalities in healthy first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes patients – potential role of steroid hormones and leptin in the development of insulin resistance

Background First‐degree relatives of type 2 diabetes patients are at risk of developing diabetes and they display several metabolic and hormonal perturbations. The interplay between insulin resistance, steroid hormones and circulating leptin is, however, still not fully explored in this group.

Assessment of beta-cell function in young patients with type 2 diabetes: arginine-stimulated insulin secretion may reflect beta-cell reserve

Simple methods for the evaluation of dynamic β‐cell function in epidemiological and clinical studies of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamic beta‐cell function in young patients with T2D with different disease durations and treatments.

Dynamic beta cell function in young type 2 diabetes patients (15-34 years) in the Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden register

Background and aims: The association between type 2 diabetes and different forms of cognitive impairment is well established. The mechanism behind the association is however still unrevealed. We ha ...