Su-Kang Kim

Increased activation of synapsin 1 and mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the amygdala of maternal separation rats.

Early life stress (ELS) causes alterations in emotionality and anxiety levels as a significant risk factor for psychiatric problems, and these alterations have been associated with amygdala activity.

Association of CTLA4, CD28 and ICOS gene polymorphisms with clinicopathologic characteristics of childhood IgA nephropathy in Korean population

Primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common glomerular disease in children and adolescents who undergo renal biopsy because of isolated microscopic haematuria or haematuria associated with proteinuria (Coppo 2008). Some evidence suggests the importance of the abnormal T-cell response in the pathogenesis of IgAN, and co-stimulatory molecules such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), CD28 molecule and inducible costimulator (ICOS) have been found to be vital for naive T-cells to initiate and terminate immune responses (Carreno and Collins 2002; Carreno et al. 2005). In this study, we tested single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CTLA4/CD28/ICOS genes, and they were found to be associated with pathophisipology of paediatric IgAN in Korean population. The best-characterized T-cell co-stimulatory pathway involves receptors such as the CD28 and CTLA4 (also known as CD152). In addition, the ICOS has been also defined recently as a new pathway (Keir and Sharpe 2005). The CD28/CTLA4/ICOS genes lie within the 300-kb region on human chromosome 2q33 and their expressions are differentially regulated; although CD28 is constitutively present on naive T-cells, whereas CTLA4 and ICOS are present only after activation (Collins et al. 2005). Moreover, all of these molecules were found to be expressed by regulatory T-cells for the development and maintenance (Keir and Sharpe 2005).

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Water Extract of Eucommia ulmoides OLIVER on the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 Cells

【Eucommia ulmoides OLIVER (EU) is a traditional Korean herbal used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present study, the molecular pharmacology basis of its anti-inflammatory effect is revealed in this work, EU was studied in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) as an established inflammation model. After activation, nitric oxide (NO) production and iNOS mRNA were measured by using a colorimetric assay (Griess reagent), and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. The change in the content of

Alteration of Energy Metabolism and Antioxidative Processing in the Hippocampus of Rats Reared in Long-Term Environmental Enrichment

PGE_2

HLA-DQB1 gene polymorphisms and non-segmental vitiligo: A case-control study in the Korean population

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Association between CDK5RAP1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to vitiligo in the Korean population

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Protective effects of Polygala tenuifolia on ischemia-induced 4 vessel occlusion in rats

, and IL-6 was concurrently monitored by ELISA. In results, we found that in the concentration range without showing cytotoxicity, EU produced a remarkable anti-inflammatory effect and showed a dose-dependent inhibition of LPSinduced NO production. Compared with indomethacin, EU has more potency and a specific action of NO inhibition,

Genetic Association Study of

PGE_2

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, IL-6, and TNF-

Polymorphisms with Obesity in Korean Population

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