Su Shulan

Kai-Xin-San, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, induces neuronal differentiation of cultured PC12 cells: Modulating neurotransmitter regulation enzymes and potentiating NGF inducing neurite outgrowth.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kai-Xin-San, an ancient formula composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria, was frequently applied for major depression disorders for thousands of years. However, its molecular mechanism has not clearly been investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to reveal the action mechanism of KXS on anti-depression on inducing neuronal differentiation on PC12 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS A chemically standardized water extract of KXS was applied onto cultured PC12 cells in determining its effect on neurotransmitter regulation enzymes and neurite outgrowth. RESULTS Single KXS treatment showed obvious changes in the expression of neurofilament and neurotransmitter regulation enzymes, which in parallel to treatment of nerve growth factor (NGF). Although KXS by itself did not show significant inductive effect on neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells, KXS could potentiate the NGF induced neurite outgrowth. Among the three ratios, K-652 showed the most powerful effect and cAMP-dependent pathway might play the major role. CONCLUSIONS KXS might exert the anti-depressant-like action of be inducing neuronal differentiation, which supported the clinically usage of this decoction.

Exploration of Action Patterns and Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine Incompatibility of Qi–Qing Antagonism and Mutual Inhibition/Restraint based on Drug Interaction

Abstract This paper proposes three kinds of action patterns of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) incompatibility based on the theories of Seven Ways of Compatibility and Drug Interaction. These are toxification and potential toxicity action pattern embodied in the characteristic of antagonism, efficiency reduction, and decrease in effect—patterns reflected by the characteristics of mutual inhibition/restraint and toxic-effect multiple action patterns embodying the complex characteristics of antagonism and mutual inhibition/restraint. In addition, we put forward eight possible mechanisms of TCM incompatibility. They are potential toxicity by promoting the release of toxic substances, potential toxicity by producing new toxic components, potential toxicity because of increased toxic components resulting from mutual transformation of chemical constituents, efficiency reduction through inhibiting the dissolving of active components, efficiency reduction through inactivating the active components, toxification that results from toxic metabolites generated in vivo based on drug interaction, adverse effects caused by affecting the physiological disposition of incompatibility combinations, and adverse effects caused by regulating and controlling the drug metabolic enzymes. Furthermore, the authors discussed the correlations between the different action patterns and mechanisms and relationships of the seven ways of compatibility. These opinions would provide references for understanding and researching the essences of TCM incompatibility.

静脉给药热毒宁注射液大鼠血浆、胆汁、尿液和粪便中代谢产物的鉴定

研究热毒宁注射液在大鼠体内的代谢产物。采用超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱-静电轨道阱串联质谱联用方法（UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS）对大鼠尾静脉注射热毒宁后血浆、胆汁、尿液和粪便进行分析，利用质量亏损过滤（MDF）技术进行京尼平苷、京尼平苷酸、断氧化马钱子苷、绿原酸代谢产物分析鉴定，推测出大鼠体内京尼平苷氧化、脱水、去甲氧基、水解、开环、半胱氨酸结合和苷元葡萄糖醛酸结合等14个代谢产物；京尼平苷酸脱水、开环、双键还原和半胱氨酸结合等9个代谢产物；断氧化马钱子苷水解、去甲氧基、羟基化和乙基化等6个代谢产物；绿原酸脱羧、水解、甲基化、乙酰化、半胱氨酰甘氨酸结合和谷胱甘肽结合等12个代谢产物。为进一步探讨热毒宁注射液体内过程，阐明其功效物质基础提供依据。