Suat Çolak

The neuroprotective role of boric acid on aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity

This study was designed to investigate the qualitative and quantitative changes in brain tissue following aluminum chloride (AlCl3) administration and to determine whether boric acid (BA) has a protective effect against brain damage induced by AlCl 3. For this aim, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly separated into eight groups: (1) control, (2) AlCl3 (5 mg/kg/day), (3, 4 and 5) BA (3.25, 36 and 58.5 mg/kg/day), (6, 7 and 8) AlCl3 (5 mg/kg/day) plus BA (3.25, 36 and 58.5 mg/kg/day). After the animals were killed, the total numbers of neuron in the brain of all groups were determined using an unbiased stereological analysis. In addition to the stereological analysis, all brains were examined histopathologically by using light and electron microscopy. The stereological and histopathological results indicated a high damage of the rat brain tissues in the AlCl3 and AlCl3 + high dose BA (36 and 58.5) treatment groups. However, protective effects on neuron were observed in the AlCl3 + low dose BA (3.25) group when compared other AlCl3 groups. Our stereological and histopathological findings show that low-dose BA, as a proteasome inhibitor, can decrease the adverse effects of AlCl3 on the cerebral cortex.

Does Haloperidol Have Side Effects on Histological and Stereological Structure of the Rat Kidneys

Haloperidol, a typical antipsychotic, is the most commonly prescribed medication for the treatment of mental health problems such as agitation and psychosis. We attempted to determine the effects of haloperidol treatment on the kidneys of female rats. In addition, we aimed to estimate the numerical density, total number, and height of renal glomeruli and the volume and volumetric fractions of the cortex, medulla, and whole kidneys, and tried to determine whether there was a change in these stereological parameters depending on haloperidol treatment. Both the qualitative and quantitative histological features of the kidney samples were analyzed with conventional histopathological and modern stereological methods at the light microscopic level. The total number of glomeruli and numerical density of glomerulus in the haloperidol-treated groups was not changed by increasing the dose in comparison to the control group. The mean height of the glomerulus significantly increased, especially in low-dose groups. In the haloperidol-treated groups, the volumetric fractions of the cortex to the whole kidney of the rats were significantly decreased by increasing the dose. The volumetric fractions of the medulla to the whole kidney of the rats were increased significantly in parallel by the given dose. In addition, we present quantitative findings showing that haloperidol is associated with many alterations in rat kidneys. It was shown that haloperidol may lead to undesirable changes in the kidney after chronic treatment with especially high doses.

The Biochemical and Histopathological Investigation of Amlodipine in Ethylene Glycol-Induced Urolithiasis Rat Model

Background: Urinary calculi are a common and severe problem, which are formed by urolithiasis or by the formation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals in the kidneys. Many treatment options such as drugs, various herbal preparations, surgical removal of the stones, and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy have been applied for this condition. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of the drug amlodipine in an experimentally induced urolithiasis rat model. Materials and methods: The effect of 5 mg/kg amlodipine was studied in rats that were first treated with 1% ethylene glycol and 1% ammonium chloride for 21 days to induce urolithiasis. The weight differences and the levels of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate were measured in serum and urine. In addition, urine CaOx level was defined and histopathological analyses were performed on the kidneys. Results: Urolithiasis caused a significant increase in both serum and urine parameters compared with healthy rats. Urolithiasis plus amlodipine administration increased the levels of these same parameters. Urine CaOx level was high in urolithiasis rats and was also increased by urolithiasis plus amlodipine administration. The weight of the rats decreased in the urolithiasis plus amlodipine group when compared with the urolithiasis group. Histopathological examinations revealed extensive intratubular crystal depositions and degenerative tubular structures in the urolithiasis group and the amlodipine treatment group. Conclusion: We showed that amlodipine may increase susceptibility to urolithiasis by raising hyperoxaluria and hypercalciuria. Further studies should be performed to elucidate the urolithiasis activity of amlodipine and to confirm the data.

Impact of high-dose oleuropein on cisplatin-induced oxidative stress, genotoxicity and pathological changes in rat stomach and lung

Abstract The current systemic treatments of the various solid tumors involve Cisplatin (CIS)-based chemotherapy. Due to its cytotoxicity, this approach is limited. Moreover, the safety of CIS is only discussed especially in breast and stomach cancers. Therefore, we, for the first time, explored the restorative efficacy of oleuropein (OLE), in stomach and lung injuries induced by CIS. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups: control CIS, OLE and CIS + OLE. Single dose of (7 mg/kg) CIS was administered intraperitoneally to CIS and CIS + OLE groups. After 24 h, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg OLE was given for three consecutive days to OLE and CIS + OLE groups. The 8-OH-dG, total oxidative/antioxidant status (TOS/TAS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated and histopathological analyses were performed on the studied tissues. The results indicated that CIS significantly increased 8-OH-dG, MDA and TOS levels and caused severe tissue damages. However, high dose of OLE induced a significant decrease in the 8-OH-dG, MDA levels, an increase in TAS levels and it restores CIS-induced tissue damages. We hope that the results of this study will provide an impetus for future studies on novel therapeutic strategies including the protective use of oleuropein in gastric and lung cancers due to chemotherapy.