Suat Taşdelen

Environmental Urbanization Assessment Using GIS and Multicriteria Decision Analysis: A Case Study for Denizli (Turkey) Municipal Area

In recent years, life quality of the urban areas is a growing interest of civil engineering. Environmental quality is essential to display the position of sustainable development and asserts the corresponding countermeasures to the protection of environment. Urban environmental quality involves multidisciplinary parameters and difficulties to be analyzed. The problem is not only complex but also involves many uncertainties, and decision-making on these issues is a challenging problem which contains many parameters and alternatives inherently. Multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a very prepotent technique to solve that sort of problems, and it guides the users confidence by synthesizing that information. Environmental concerns frequently contain spatial information. Spatial multicriteria decision analysis (SMCDA) that includes Geographic Information System (GIS) is efficient to tackle that type of problems. This study has employed some geographic and urbanization parameters to assess the environmental urbanization quality used by those methods. The study area has been described in five categories: very favorable, favorable, moderate, unfavorable, and very unfavorable. The results are momentous to see the current situation, and they could help to mitigate the related concerns. The study proves that the SMCDA descriptions match the environmental quality perception in the city.

Geological and geotechnical properties of settlement area of Irgilli town (Denizli)

Yerleşim yeri seçimi ve imar planlarında belirleyici olan jeolojik ve jeoteknik çalışmalar, modern kentleşmenin ilk ve en temel aşamalarından birisidir. İmar amaçlı mikrobölgeleme çalışmaları güvenli bir çevre ve sürdürülebilir bir kalkınma için önemlidir. Bu kapsamda Irgıllı Beldesi’nin (Denizli) yerleşime uygunluğu araştırılmıştır. İnceleme alanı, Işıklı Gölü’nün güney kıyısındaki ovada alüvyonal birimler üzerinde bulunmaktadır. Ova, sismik bakımdan aktif kenar fayları ile çevrelenmiştir. İnceleme alanında çeşitli jeoteknik deneyler ile hidrojeolojik çalışmalar yapılmış, elde edilen veriler ışığında inceleme alanı yerleşime uygunluk özellikleri bakımından sınıflandırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında, inceleme alanı içinde kuzeyden güneye doğru daha uygun yerleşim alanı özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Geological and geotechnical studies, decisive on land use and development plans, are the basic stage of a modern urbanization. Microzonation studies for development plans are crucial for safe environment and sustainable development. This study is focused on settlement suitability of Irgıllı (Denizli) Municipal area. The area is on an alluvium plain where is located on south of Lake Işıklı and surrounded by active fault lines. Some geotechnical tests and hydrogeological studies have been performed and the area was classified in terms of settlement characteristics. According to results of this study, it is determined that the southern part of the area is more suitable to settlement than the northern part.

Hydrogeological investigation of subsurface of Cukurkoy surroundings (Denizli)

Denizli il merkezinin 13 km kadar güneydoğu kesiminde, Gökpınar Barajı’nın su toplama havzasına dar bir boğazla bağlanan Çukurköy Grabeni, 96.4 km2 yüzey drenaj alanına sahip bir yan havza niteliğindedir. Havzanın doğusundaki Honaz Dağı’nın batı yamaçlarında irili ufaklı birçok kaynak yer alır. Bu kaynaklar, güneydeki Tavas ovasıyla havza arasındaki sırtlardan doğan yüzeysel akışlarla birleşerek Büyük Menderes Nehri’nin önemli yan kollarından biri olan Gökpınar Deresini oluşturur. Ayrıca, yeraltı suları, bu akarsuların kıyı kesimlerinde sızıntı kaynakları şeklinde yeryüzüne çıkarak akarsuları besler. Yöre halkı tarafından açılan birçok kuyu ve sondaj nedeniyle sürekli akar durumdaki bazı kaynak ve yan derecikler zamanla tamamen kurumuştur. Honaz Dağı’nın kolüvyal malzemelerinin yanal ve düşey doğrultularda düzensiz yayılım göstermesinden dolayı, işletilmek istenen suyun debisi kısa mesafelerde ani değişiklikler gösterir. Havzanın hem sığ yeraltı suyu hem de yüzey sularının akım yönü yüzey morfolojisine bağlı olarak kuzeybatıya doğrudur. Bu sığ yeraltı suları, küçük ve bireysel amaçlı kullanımlar dışında büyük çaplı beklentiler için yetersizdir. Çukurköy graben, located at 13 km southeast from Denizli city, is a side basin with 96.4 km2 surface drainage area which is connected to the Gökpınar dam catchment area through narrow strait. There are a lots of resources having various discharges on the western slopes of the Honaz mountain in the east of the Çukurköy basin. These resources were originated from runoff from the ridges which is located between Tavas plain and Çukurköy basin, and were formed the Gökpınar creek, one of the main tributaries of Büyük Menderes river. In addition, subsurface waters feed these streams as leaks wherein groundwater level is very shallow level. By the time, local people had opened many boreholes and wells, and they caused to dry out of some continuous resources and streams. Discharge rates of scheduled pumping waters from boreholes are changing dramatically for short distances, because of irregularly located alluvial material. The flow direction of both shallow subsurface and surface waters of the basin outflows toward the northwest that is controlled by surface morphology. These shallow subsurface waters are insufficient for increasing requirements except for small and individual usages. Anahtar kelimeler: Çukurköy, Cankurtaran Köyü, Sığ yeraltı suyu, Su tablası, Eşderinlik haritası

Adverse Effects of Soil Grouting on Sandy Soils

Uncontrolled growing of construction industry in Turkey has caused a large number of buildings were constructed without the benefit of sufficient engineering supervision. These phenomena have contributed to the increase in the number of seismically weak buildings. After the Great Marmara Earthquake seismic performances of the existing structures have been inspected and some of them fortified. In this context, an existing building foundation, built on a problematic soil and located in Denizli where is in high seismic risk area, has been strengthened by cement injection. Grouting holes up to 7 m in depth from the basement level were used in 45 points. The injection has created a less permeable barrier, acts like an underground dam. This barrier has caused rising of the underground water table around the recharge area of the foundation. The raised underground water has increased hydraulic gradient and hydraulic pressure. Then, the basement floor has arched up to 12 cm and underground water has risen up to 30 cm high after one year of the injection practice. In this study, hydrogeological characteristics of the soil structural analysis have been evaluated and some solutions suggested remedying the problem. It should be kept in mind as injection practice is employed in aquifers.

Seismic Microzonation for Denizli Metropolitan Area, Turkey

This study presents microzonation of the Denizli city center, is about 225 km2. It is mainly rely on t seismic velocities of the tested soil. For seismic microzonation area of has been selected as the study area. Seismic refraction methods have been used to generate two-dimensional profiles at 310 locations. These p and s wave velocities are used to estimate boundaries of the velocities at every 2 and 5 m intervals up to a depth of 60 m. The results are satisfactory for urban planning and it can successfully be used in urban areas. The municipal authority may be considered to use the results for land use studies.