Sudarsono

Hypoglycemic Effect of Combination of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. Ethanolic Extracts Standardized by Rutin and Quercetin in Alloxan-induced Hyperglycemic Rats

PURPOSE Exploration of plant combinations could be an alternative approach for diabetes treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of combination of A. indica and G. procumbens ethanolic extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. METHODS Powder of A. indica and G. procumbens leaves were macerated with ethanol 70%. Determination of rutin in A. indica and quercetin in G. procumbens were performed by TLC-densitometry. Hyperglycemia in rats was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate at a single dose of 150 mg/kgBW. The rats were treated with 3 dosage variation of combinations for 15 days. Hypoglycemic effect was evaluated by estimating the blood glucose levels and the rats pancreas histological study. RESULTS A. indica contained 2.90±0.15% of rutin and G. procumbens contained 18.86±0.86% of quercetin. Combination at the ratio of 50mg/kgBW A. indica:112.5mg/kgBW G. procumbens showed the highest hypoglycemic effect: 68.74±4.83% (preprandial) and 73.91±3.18% (postprandial). Histological studies indicated that this combination improved the morphology of the islets of Langerhans and β cells. It also increased insulin expression and decreased the elevated-glucose concentrations. CONCLUSION This study showed that combination of both extracts has better hypoglycemic effect than the single treatment of A. indica or G. procumbens. Combination of both extracts was potential to develop as a blood glucose-lowering agent for diabetic patients.

Novel spiciferone derivatives from the fungus Drechslera hawaiiensis isolated from the marine sponge Callyspongia aerizusa.

Abstract From the marine sponge Callyspongia aerizusa collected from the Sea of Bali, Indonesia, fungal isolates of Drechslera hawaiiensis were obtained. Culture filtrates of the fungus yielded four spiciferone derivatives which include spiciferone A (1) and B (2), and two other novel derivatives including spiciferol A (3) which is an alcohol congener of spiciferone A (1) and compound 4 which is an monocyclic spiciferone congener featuring a butoxyl side chain. The structures of the novel compounds were established on the basis of NMR spectroscopic (1H ,13C, COSY) and mass spectrometric (EIMS) data.