Sudha K

Oxidative stress and antioxidants in epilepsy.

In the present study, erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation, the percentage hemolysis, erythrocyte enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GP), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase, and plasma vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A and ceruloplasmin activities and concentrations were determined in 29 epileptic patients and 50 normal controls. Ten patients who were treated with phenobarbital and who did not get convulsions for 1 year were considered for followup. Lipid peroxidation and percentage hemolysis in patients with epilepsy was significantly higher when compared to controls. Moreover, plasma ceruloplasmin concentrations were also markedly increased in these cases. Erythrocyte GR and plasma vitamin C and A concentrations were significantly lower in epileptics when compared to controls. In the followup patients, the erythrocyte GR was significantly higher than their pre-treated condition. Furthermore, the plasma vitamin A, E and C concentrations have attained the normal range. This study indicates that the antioxidant status in blood of epileptic patients which was low compared to controls, improved after treatment, suggesting that free radicals may be implicated in epilepsy.

Role of Redox Metals, Oxidative Protein Products and Antioxidant Potentials of Thiols in Diabetic Retinopathy

Role of Redox Metals, Oxidative Protein Products and Antioxidant Potentials of Thiols in Diabetic Retinopathy Oxidative stress has been proved in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) not only by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also due to non-enzymatic protein glycosylation, auto-oxidation of glucose, impaired glutathione metabolism, alteration in the antioxidants and advanced oxidative protein product formation. The current study was undertaken to establish the relationship between iron, copper and antioxidants like reduced glutathione (GSH), total thiols, and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) as well as total protein and albumin. The study group consisted of a total of 90 subjects which included non-diabetic healthy controls (n=30), diabetes mellitus patients (n=30), and diabetic retinopathy patients (n=30). All the parameters were measured using spectrophotometric methods. AOPP levels showed a very highly significant increase in DR patients and in DM patients compared to normal controls, the AOPP levels being higher in the DR compared to the DM patients (p= 0.001). The levels of thiols showed a very highly significant decrease in DR and DM as compared to normal subjects. The total proteins level showed a very highly significant decrease (P = 0.001) in DR and DM compared to normal. There was no change in the level of albumin. A significant increase in the levels of iron was observed in DR when compared to DM and control. The levels of copper in DR showed a very highly significant increase when compared to DM and controls (p = 0.001). Our study indicates a possible increase in the copper and iron-mediated generation of ROS thereby leading to increased consumption of antioxidants in the body. Uloga Redoks Metala, Proizvoda Oksidacije Proteina i Antioksidantnih Potencijala Tiola u Dijabetesnoj Retinopatiji Prisustvo oksidativnog stresa u patogenezi dijabetesa (DM) i dijabetesne retinopatije (DR) dokazano je ne samo zahvaljujući prisustvu reaktivnih vrsta kiseonika (ROS) već i zbog neenzimske glikozilacije proteina, autooksidacije glukoze, poremećenog metabolizma glutationa, promena u stvaranju antioksidanata i naprednih proizvoda oksidacije proteina. Ova studija sprovedena je kako bi se ustanovio odnos između gvožđa, bakra i antioksidanata kao što je redukovani glutation (GSH), ukupnih tiola i naprednih proizvoda oksidacije proteina (AOPP) kao i ukupnih proteina i albumina. Ispitivanu grupu činilo je ukupno 90 subjekata, odnosno zdravih kontrola (n=30), pacijenata sa dijabetesom (n=30) i pacijenata sa dijabetesnom retinopatijom (n=30). Svi parametri izmereni su pomoću spektrofotometrijskih metoda. Uočen je veoma značajan porast nivoa AOPP kod pacijenata sa DR i DM u odnosu na zdrave kontrolne subjekte, s tim što su nivoi AOPP bili viši u DR nego u DM (p=0,001). U poređenju sa zdravim ispitanicima, nivoi tiola bili su veoma značajno sniženi u DR i DM. Nivo ukupnih proteina bio je veoma značajno snižen (p=0,001) u DR i DM u poređenju sa kontrolnom grupom, dok u nivou albumina nije bilo promena. Značajan porast nivoa gvožđa uočen je u DR u poređenju sa DM i kontrolnom grupom. Nivoi bakra u DR pokazali su veoma značajan porast u poređenju sa DM i kontrolnom grupom (p=0,001). Naša studija ukazuje na potencijalni porast produkcije ROS uz posredstvo bakra i gvožđa usled koje dolazi do povišene potrošnje antioksidanata u telu.

Oxidative stress and antioxidants in tubercular meningitis

Oxidative stress is implicated in the etiopathogenesis of a variety of human diseases. Therefore, in the present study, erythrocyte lipid peroxidation, percentage hemolysis, antioxidant enzymes viz., glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and plasma antioxidants viz., ceruloplasmin, vitamins A,E and C have been determined in 19 patients with tubercular meningitis (TBM) and 50 normals. Six patients who were treated with antibiotics were considered for the follow up. The statistical analysis was carried out by Mann Whitney U test and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Lipid peroxidation (P<0.02), percentage hemolysis (P<0.001) and plasma ceruloplasmin (P<0.0001) of TBM patients were significantly higher, whereas erythrocyte glutathione reductase (P<0.05) and plasma antioxidant vitamins A, E and C (P<0.01, P<0.05 respectively) were significantly lower than those of the controls. In the follow up patients the glutathione reductase and catalase levels were significantly high (P<0.05) compared to their pre-treated condition. Vitamin C and E levels have attained normal range. This study indicated that the blood antioxidant status of TBM patients which was low compared to controls improved after treatment, suggesting the role of free radicals in TBM.