Sudipta Jena

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from leaves and rhizomes of Curcuma angustifolia Roxb

Abstract The essential oil extracted from rhizome and leaf of Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. (Zingiberaceae) was characterised by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 32 and 35 identified constituents, comprising 92.6% and 92% of total leaf and rhizome oil, respectively. Curzerenone (33.2%), 14-hydroxy-δ-cadinene (18.6%) and γ-eudesmol acetate (7.3%) were the main components in leaf oil. In rhizome oil, curzerenone (72.6%), camphor (3.3%) and germacrone (3.3%) were found to be the major constituents. Antioxidant capacities of oil were assessed by various methods, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and reducing power ability (RPA). Based on the results, the leaf oil showed more antioxidant potential as compared to rhizome oil and reference standards (ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)). Thus, the leaf essential oil of C. angustifolia can be used as an alternative source of natural antioxidant.

Chemical Constituents of Leaf Essential Oil of Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. Growing in Eastern India

Abstract Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. (Family: Zingiberaceae) is an important rhizomatous medicinal herb, grows wild in India. The leaf essential oil of C. angustifolia was extracted by hydro-distillation and analyzed by using Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Forty six compounds comprising 91.17 % of the total peak area were identified. The major components of the leaf essential oil were 8,9-dehydro-9-formyl-cycloisolongifolene (33.48 %) followed by curzerenone (11.81 %), xanthorrhizol isomer (7.59 %), eucalyptol (6.62 %), camphor (3.27 %), germacrone (3.21 %), xanthorrhizol (2.98 %), ar-turmerone (1.62 %), curdione (1.60 %) and camphene (1.43 %) respectively. The leaf essential oil was found to be predominant with oxygenated sesquiterpenes (68.20 %). Because of the presence of remarkable phytoconstituents, the leaf essential oil of C. angustifolia would have enough significance in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Characterization of Kewda volatile components by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Abstract Kewda (Pandanus fascicularis Lam.) is a well known medicinal and aromatic plant. The paper aims to precisely characterize volatile constituents present in Kewda flower oil using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS). A total of 159 components were identified due to enhanced chromatographic separation and mass spectral deconvolution of GCxGC-TOFMS. On the basis of its chemical structure, the identified compounds were grouped into hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, ketones, esters, nitrogen compounds, aldehydes, acids, lactones, halides and sulfur containing compounds. Ethers were the major components. The predominant compounds identified by GCxGC-TOFMS were kewda ether, ortho-cymene and terpinen-4-ol. A database containing retention indices of compounds was created for the bi-dimensional column, thus proving to be a remarkable step for analysis of constituents using a GCxGC system. GCxGC-TOFMS separated a number of co-eluting components which were unresolved on a single GC column.

Development and validation of an HPTLC method for estimation of coronarin D in Hedychium coronarium rhizome

Rhizome extracts of Hedychium coronarium are widely used as phytotherapeutics. As of date, there is no documented study on the standardization of H. coronarium extract, and the following research is an effort in this direction. Coronarin D is an important bioactive compound present in H. coronarium which shows chemopreventive activity against cancer. H. coronarium extracts were assessed for coronarin D content for the first time. The extraction was checked using different solvents: n-hexane, acetone, and methanol. Coronarin D was separated on silica gel 60F254 high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) plates by isocratic gradient method using n-hexane-ethyl acetate (80:20 v/v) as mobile phase. Densitometric quantification was performed at 231 nm in absorption mode. This method gave a well-defined peak at Rf 0.20 corresponding to coronarin D. The method was validated using International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines in terms of precision, repeatability, and accuracy. Linearity range...

Chemical composition and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of Hypericum gaitii Haines – an endemic species of Eastern India

Abstract The present study reports the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of the essential oil extracted from the leaves and tender branches of Hypericum gaitii Haines (Hypericaceae) – an endemic plant of Eastern India. On hydrodistillation, the fresh leaves and tender parts of H. gaitii yielded 0.43% (v/w) of pale yellowish essential oil. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of 40 compounds, which represent 96.9% of the total oil. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (79.3%) predominated followed by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (12.6%). Of these, α-pinene (69.5%), β-caryophyllene (10.5%), sabinene (5.6%), myrcene (3.0%) and geranyl acetate (2.0%) were the main constituents. Antioxidant activities of oil were evaluated by three different systems namely 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and reducing power assay. Essential oil exhibited moderate antioxidant activities compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and ascorbic acid.

Chemical composition and antioxidant activities of essential oil of Hedychium greenii and Hedychium gracile from India

Abstract The chemical constituents of the essential oils hydrodistilled from rhizome parts of Hedychium greenii W.W. Sm. and Hedychium gracile Roxb, of family Zingiberaceae, growing in India, were analysed for the first time by GC-FID and GC-MS, respectively. A total of 30 and 29 components representing 99.62 and 96.74% of the total oil were identified in the essential oils of H. greenii and H. gracile, respectively. The major components of H. greenii were bornyl acetate (31.32%), α-pinene (14.49%), camphene (12.81%) and limonene (10.55%), whereas H. gracile was dominated by β-pinene (25.24%), γ-terpinene (24.62%), terpinen-4-ol (14.87%) and 1,8-cineole (7.51%). Essential oils were assessed for antioxidant potential using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. H. greenii oil exhibited stronger antioxidant potential as compared to H. gracile oil and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Thus, H. greenii rhizome oil has the potential to be used as an alternative source of antioxidant.

EST-SSR marker revealed effective over biochemical and morphological scepticism towards identification of specific turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) cultivars

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L., family Zingiberaceae) is one of the most economically important plants for its use in food, medicine, and cosmetic industries. Cultivar identification is a major constraint in turmeric, owing to high degree of morphological similarity that in turn, affects its commercialization. The present study addresses this constraint, using EST-SSR marker based, molecular identification of 8 elite cultivars and 88 accessions in turmeric. Fifty EST-SSR primers were screened against eight cultivars of turmeric (Suroma, Roma, Lakadong, Megha, Alleppey Supreme, Kedaram, Pratibha, and Suvarna); out of which 11 primers showed polymorphic banding pattern. The polymorphic information content (PIC) of these primers ranged from 0.13 to 0.48. However, only three SSR loci (CSSR 14, CSSR 15, and CSSR 18) gave reproducible unique banding pattern clearly distinguishing the cultivars ‘Lakadong’ and ‘Suvarna’ from other cultivars tested. These three unique SSR markers also proved to be effective in identification of ‘Lakadong’ cultivars when analysed with 88 accessions of turmeric collected from different agro-climatic regions. Furthermore, two identified cultivars (Lakadong and Suvarna) could also be precisely differentiated when analysed and based on phylogenetic tree, with other 94 genotypes of turmeric. The novel SSR markers can be used for identification and authentication of two commercially important turmeric cultivars ‘Lakadong’ and ‘Suvarna’.

Resequencing of Curcuma longa L. cv. Kedaram through transcriptome profiling reveals various novel transcripts

Curcuma longa L. (Turmeric), of the family Zingiberaceae, is one of the economically as well as medicinally important plant species. It is a sterile, polyploid and vegetatively propagated spice crop cultivated usually in Southeast Asia. In the current study, we carried out re-sequencing through transcriptome profiling of Curcuma longa cv. Kedaram (Cl_Ked_6). We acquired a total of 1 GB raw data by resequencing through paired-end sequencing using Nextseq 500 platform. The raw data obtained in this study can be accessible in NCBI database with accession number of SRR3928562 with bioproject accession number PRJNA324755. Cufflinks-2.2.1 tool was used for transcriptome assembly which resulted in 39,554 numbers of transcripts. The transcript length ranged from 76 to 15,568, having N50 value of 1221 and median transcript length of 860. We annotated the transcripts using multiple databases. This data will be beneficial for studying sequence variations particularly SNPs between cultivars of turmeric towards authentic identification and discovery of novel functional transcripts in Kedaram.