Suely de Fátima Costa

Alterações morfológicas induzidas por butirato, propionato e lactato sobre a mucosa ruminal e a epiderme de bezerros: I Aspectos histológicos

The effect of butyrate, propionate, and lactate on ruminal wall, epidermis of nasolabial surface, perioplum, and epicera of 17 neonatal calves was evaluated. The experiment also aimed to validate the procedure and interpretation of tegument biopsies as indicators of ruminal mucosa alterations. Serum insulin was sampled on the 22nd day from the beginning of treatments, at 0, 90, 180, and 360 minutes after the morning infusion. After slaughtering, samples were collected from ruminal wall, nasolabial surface, epicera, and perioplum from face and hindquarters. All volatile fatty acids (VFA) induced greater increase in ruminal-reticulum proportionate weight than in omasum. Butyrate was a greater stimulator of non-glandular stomach growth. Although butyrate stimulated more insulin secretion, this VFA was not capable to induced gain on papillae area or height. The effect of nasolabial surface VFA infusion was the opposite to that observed in the rumen. VFA increased hind perioplum mitotic index, contrary to its effect on the nasolabial surface and epicera. VFA effects on ruminal mucosa morphology and on other keratinized tissues suggest that morphological damage on hoof and ruminal epithelium may have a common cause. Tegumentary biopsies may be useful as indicators of morphological alterations of ruminal mucosa.

Alterações morfológicas induzidas por butirato, propionato e lactato sobre a mucosa ruminal e epiderme de bezerros: II. Aspectos ultra-estruturais

The effect of volatile fatty acids (VFA) on rumen wall, epidermis of nasolabial surface, perioplum, and epicera of calves was evaluated. The experiment also aimed to validate the procedure of tegument biopsies as indicators of ruminal mucosa alterations. Seventeen neonatal calves with foley catheters received intraruminal infusions of VFA or saline, during 37 days. At 89-day-old, the animals were slaughtered and tissue samples were collected from rumen, nasolabial surface, epicera, and perioplum from face and hindquarters. VFA infusion increased total epithelium area and metabolically active ruminal cell area; although butirate did not induce the papilar development. The effect of nasolabial surface VFA infusion was the opposite to that observed in the rumen. No histological lesion was observed on nasolabial surface, epicera, and perioplum, demonstrating that these are consequences of VFA direct effect on ruminal epithelium. Butyrate and lactate induced more alterations on the ruminal epithelium. Indirect and direct VFA effects on keratinized epithelium tissues morphology were not identical. Tegumentary biopsies may be useful as indicators of morphological alterations of ruminal mucosa.

Processamento da casca de mandioca na alimentação de ovinos: desempenho, características de carcaça, morfologia ruminal e eficiência econômica

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of different forms of processing of cassava peel in sheep feeding on performance traits, carcass, morphology and rumen and economic technical feasibility. Twenty non-castrated male Santa Ines lambs of 19.02±0.21 kg of initial body weight and 90 days of age at the beginning of the study were used in this trial. The design was completely randomized design with five replications per treatment. During the experimental period of 84 days, including 14 days of adaptation, animals were kept in semi-confinement on Brachiaria decumbens. Four forms of cassava peel processing were evaluated: dried cassava peel ground through 12-mm sieve; dried cassava peel ground through 5-mm sieve; ground and ensiled cassava peel, and wet, ground hydrolyzed with 0.5% lime (calcium oxide - CaO). The average weight at slaughter was 30.72±1.46 kg. There was no influence of the type of processing on the performance variables analyzed, quantitative carcass characteristics or ruminal morphology; only the values of width and leg yield palette were influenced. Hydrolyzed cassava peel showed the best economic efficiency between treatments. The different methods of processing cassava peel do not affect performance, carcass characteristics, yield cuts or rumen morphology of Santa Ines sheep.

Desenvolvimento do trato digestivo de bezerros leiteiros criados em sistema de aleitamento fracionado

ABSTRACT.- Azevedo R.A., Araujo L., Duarte D.V.L., Cruz M.S., Costa S.F., Oliveira N.J.F., Duarte E.R. & Geraseev L.C. 2013. [ Development of the digestive tract of dairy calves reared in a fractionated nursing system. ] Desenvolvimento do trato digestivo de bezer -ros leiteiros criados em sistema de aleitamento fracionado. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 33(7):931-936. Departamento de Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Universitaria 1000, Montes Claros, MG 39404-547, Bra-zil. E-mail: rafaelzooufmg@gmail.comTo evaluate the effect of the fractionated nursing system in rumen development were used 12 Holstein calves, with an initial body weight average of 37.0 kg, individually main-tained in holding pens. Conventional treatment was made with four liters of milk daily, during 60 days and fractionated nursing was composed by six liters from the 6 th until 25 day, four liters of 26 to 45 and two liters from 46 to 59 days of life. Besides that liquid diet,

MORPHOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF THE RUMINAL AND OMASAL MUCOSAE TO THE VARIATION IN DIET ENERGY

The absorption capacity of the rumen responds positively to direct and indirect stimulation by VFA; there is also evidence that the wall of the omasum also responds to these stimuli. To further investigate these reports, we compared the tissue morphologies of rumen and omasum biopsy samples. Four cows surgically fitted with ruminal cannulas were sequentially fed two diets. These diets included corn silage (S) and a combination of corn silage and commercial concentrate (CS). The animals were fed S for the first 18 days of the experiment, followed by CS for the next 18 days. They were then fasted for 72 h (F), and then had at least 18 days of re-feeding. Biopsy samples were taken from the blade of the omasum and the ventral sac of the rumen at different time points during each diet: samples were taken from S-diet animals at day 18; CS, at days 4 and 18; F, at the end of the 72 h; and re-fed animals, at days 4, 12, and 18. The mitotic index of the basal layers of the ruminal and omasal epithelia and the VFA concentration in the rumen were higher after 4 days of CS diet. There was a positive correlation between the mitotic indices of the rumen and omasum. The width of the ruminal papillae varied with different diets, and was highest on day 18 of the CS diet. Our results indicate that stimulation of cell division due to increased dietary energy simultaneously affected both compartments of the stomach.

Reproductive dynamics of Leporinus obtusidens captured downstream from an important hydropower Station in Brazil

This study evaluated the reproductive dynamics and gonadal morphology of piaparas (Leporinus obtusidens) captured downstream from the Funil Hydroelectric Power Station. The 107 piaparas evaluated were captured monthly from Sep 2006 to Aug 2007. The data were stratified among the seasons to evaluate gonad maturation and the reproductive period was determined by assessing the gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, abdominal fat index (AFI), weight:length ratio, condition factor and sexual proportion. The reproductive period lasted from winter to summer (Jul-Mar) in females and from spring to autumn (Sept-Jun) in males. AFI was high during and after the reproductive period in females and only during the reproductive period in males. The highest HIS values for males and females were obtained in spring and summer (Sept-Mar). The females observed did not spawn and showed follicular atresia. These characteristics suggest that L. obtusidens does not use the study area as a reproductive site and probably migrates for this purpose.

Desenvolvimento de bezerros leiteiros alimentados com silagem de leite de transição: I - Trato digestivo

This study aimed to evaluate the development of the digestive tract of Holstein calves which suckled milk from silage transition. We used 18 animals, with an average initial body weight of 36.50kg (±4.03), individually housed in pens with concentrate, hay Cynodon sp., water and mineral supplement offered ad libitum. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments and six replications. Treatments consisted of whole milk and silage transitional milk, diluted with water or mixed with milk, corresponding to four liters per day divided over two meals during 59 days. The food intake was monitored daily and weighed every week after the supply of liquid diet in the morning. At 60 days, the calves were slaughtered and the digestive tract was weighed and histological measures of rumen papillae were taken. The nursing system did not affect the consumption of concentrate and total dry matter and the development of rumen papillae (P>0.05). The silage transition milk diluted in water resulted in lower final body weight, lower body weight and absolute emptiness abomasum and intestinal further development. Milk transition silage mixed in milk did not affect the development of the digestive tract and body until 60 days of age, representing an alternative to milk.

Morfologia e histoquímica das glândulas sexuais acessórias de Metachirus nudicaudatus, Didelphidae-Marsupialia

This paper describes the morphology and distribution of glycogen and mucous substances in the prostate and the bulbourethral glands of Metachirus nudicaudatus (Geoffroy, 1803), the only species of the genus. The prostate is surrounded by the tunica adventitia, and muscle and stroma is formed by connective urethral mucosa. The glandular parenchyma consists of secretory tubules, scattered throughout the connective tissue of the urethral mucosa which differs histologically and histochemically in cranial, middle, and caudal segments of the prostate. These morpho-histochemical differences are also observed in the outer, middle and inner parts of the tubular epithelium of each prostatic segment. In general, prostatic segments secrete neutral mucous substances, and the caudal segment also produces glycogen. The three pairs of bulbourethral glands (lateral, intermediate and medial) are surrounded by a capsule of dense connective tissue and skeletal striated muscle. The glandular parenchyma is formed by tubules or branched tubuloacinar, covered by simple epithelium which is characteristic for each pair of glands. The lateral bulbourethral glands and the medial bulbourethral glands produce neutral mucous substances and the secretion of the intermediate bulbourethral glands consists of neutral mucous substances, carboxylated acids, and sulfated acids. The M. nudicaudatus does not have ampullary glands, seminal vesicles or coagulating glands.

OMASAL MORPHOLOGY OF DAIRY COWS FED WITH HIGH OR LOW GRAIN CONTENT DIET PRIOR PARTURITION

Little is known about the morphological response of the omasum in dairy cows that consume a high-energy diet pre-partum. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a transitional diet with high grain content is able to induce changes in omasum morphology. Six weeks before the expected calving, four Holstein cows were fed a standardization diet, and four weeks before delivery, the cows were fed a diet with high grain content (HGC) or low (LGC) grain content. After calving, all of the cows were fed a high energy lactation diet. The cows that were fed the HGC diet pre-partum had higher dry matter and nutrient intake than the cows that were fed the LGC diet. The mitotic index of the omasum epithelium was higher than the mitotic index in the rumen, but apparently the response to the diet stimuli was slower. In the cows that were fed the HGC diet, the omasum papillae were taller one week before parturition and two weeks post-partum. Cows that were fed the HGC diet had a thinner epithelium due to thinner non-keratinized layers of the omasum epithelium. We conclude that the omasum mucosa of dairy cows responds to the stimuli of a pre-partum HGC diet, which was indicated by the greater height of the omasum papillae and by the reduced thickness of the omasum epithelium. It seems that the mitotic index responds a little more slowly, but the response to the diet stimuli is stronger in the omasum epithelium than in the rumen.

Performance of calves submitted to protocols using extruded or ground starter

Feed processing can affect rumen development in new born calves, and potentially define animal performance. Two feed management systems, extruded starter (Ruter) with possible early weaning and ground starter (control), were evaluated in thirty-two Holstein calves (16 females and 16 males). Animals were randomly assigned to the treatments using a randomized block design with birth weight as a covariate. They were weaned when starter intake reached 800 g for two consecutive days. Twenty-one days after the weaning, males were slaughtered and the stomach compartments were isolated. Rumen and omasum fragments were processed for morphological evaluation. Animal performance, clinical condition and stomach compartment weight did not differ between the treatments (P> 0.05), despite weaning weight of animals receiving extruded starter being 5.68% higher than the control animals. Extruded starter stimulated cell proliferation of the ruminal epithelium (P <0.05), but did not affect the dimensions of the papillary rumen and omasum mitotic index (MI). The Ruter feeding system was potentially beneficial for weight gain and morphofunctional rumen development in lactating animals; however, this treatment did not allow early weaning as proposed by the feeding system.