Sujata V. Mallapur

Stable Backbone Based Multipath Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) consists of wireless mobile nodes communicating without the need of services provided by a centralized administration or established infrastructure. They can be setup anywhere and anytime because they require neither infrastructure nor centralized administration. Because of mobile nodes in MANET, high node mobility causes complexities in route discovery, route stability etc. in which stability is the main reason for data failure. In most of the existing stability based routing protocol link quality and residual energy of each node is estimated during the routing process, result increased delay and overhead. In order to overcome these issues, in this paper, we construct a Stable Backbone Based Multi-Path Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (SBMRP). Initially, the nodes with high residual bandwidth, residual power, link quality and low mobility nodes are designated as candidate nodes. Then multiple paths are established between source and destination through these candidate nodes, thus forming a routing backbone. If any candidate node in the path tend to fail due to lack of bandwidth, residual energy or link quality, alternate path through another candidate node is established. By simulation results, we show that proposed technique minimizes the overhead, packet drop, energy and increases the packet delivery rate.

Route stability based on demand multipath routing protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

A fundamental issue arising in Mobile Ad Hoc NETworks (MANETs) is to select a reliable routing path between nodes to improve routing efficiency by selecting the most stable path so as to reduce the packet drop rate and overhead due to route rediscovery. In this paper, we propose to design a route stability based on demand multipath routing protocol for MANETs named, Stable Backbone based Multipath Routing Protocol (SBMRP) to improve link quality and to select a stable paths between the nodes. Proposed scheme includes selection of candidate nodes and construction of routing backbone to select the stable paths between the source to the destination node. The proposed algorithm has been verified by simulations using Network Simulator 2 (NS-2). The results have been show that the SBMRP outperforms the existing routing protocols by significantly reducing the route discovery and also increases packet delivery ratio and lifetime of nodes by constructing backbone paths between source and destinations.

Load Balancing Technique for Congestion Control Multipath Routing Protocol in MANETs

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that can communicate without a central controller or fixed infrastructure. Due to node mobility, designing a routing protocol to provide an efficient and suitable method to route the data with less energy consumption, packet drop and to prolong the network lifetime has become a challenging issue in MANETs. In MANETs, reducing energy consumption and packet loss involves congestion control and load balancing techniques. Thus, this paper introduces an efficient routing technique called the multipath load balancing technique for congestion control (MLBCC) in MANETs to efficiently balance the load among multiple paths by reducing the congestion. MLBCC introduces a congestion control mechanism and a load balancing mechanism during the data transmission process. The congestion control mechanism detects the congestion by using an arrival rate and an outgoing rate at a particular time interval T. The load balancing mechanism selects a gateway node by using the link cost and the path cost to efficiently distribute the load by selecting the most desirable paths. For an efficient flow of distribution, a node availability degree standard deviation parameter is introduced. Simulation results of MLBCC show the performance improvements in terms of the control overhead, packet delivery ratio, average delay and packet drop ratio in comparison with Fibonacci sequence multipath load balancing, stable backbone-based multipath routing protocol and ad hoc on demand multipath distance vector routing. In addition, the results show that MLBCC efficiently balances the load of the nodes in the network.

Multi-constrained reliable multicast routing protocol for MANETs

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a distributed wireless network with highly dynamic topology. So, the nodes keep moving in and out of the network instantly and a path formed between two distant nodes through several intermediate nodes cannot be maintained for long duration of time. But, the availability of the link between any two nodes can be predicted up to the certain extent based on specific constraints such as the available bandwidth, available power and delay etc. Even then the guaranteed data delivery through the path cannot be made. Therefore, reliable multicast routing in MANET is very challenging problem. This paper proposed a multi-constrained reliable multicast routing protocol (MRMRP) using network coding. This technique initially builds the stable path between the desired distant for data transmission and then uses network coding for recovery of any packet that is lost during data transmission. We demonstrate through simulation results, that the proposed scheme shows its better performance compared to other methods. The simulation results show that the MRMRP increases the packet delivery ratio by reducing the packet drop ratio and control overhead as compared to multicast ad hoc on demand routing protocol (MAODV) and dynamic general coding Scheme (DGC).

Fuzzy logic-based stable multipath routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks

This paper presents a fuzzy logic stable-backbone-based multipath routing protocol (FLSBMRP) for MANET that provides a high-quality path for communication between nodes. The proposed protocol has two main phases. The first phase is the selection of candidate nodes using a fuzzy logic technique. The second phase is the construction of a routing backbone that establishes multiple paths between nodes through the candidate nodes, thus forming a routing backbone. If any candidate node in the path fails due to a lack of bandwidth, residual energy or link quality, an alternate path through another candidate node is selected for communication before the route breaks, because a candidate node failure may lead to a broken link between the nodes. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol performs better in terms of the packet delivery ratio, overhead, delay and packet drop ratio than the major existing ad hoc routing protocols.

Load balancing technique for congestion control multipath routing in mobile ad hoc networks

Reducing energy consumption and packet loss in-volves congestion control and load balancing in MANETs. Thus, this paper introduces an efficient routing technique called the multipath load balancing technique for congestion control (MLBCC) for MANETs to efficiently balance the load among multiple paths by reducing congestion. MLBCC introduces a congestion control mechanism and a load balancing mechanism during the data transmission process. The congestion control mechanism detects the congestion by using an arrival rate and an outgoing rate at a particular time interval T. The load balancing mechanism is the selection of a gateway node by using the link cost and the path cost to efficiently distribute the load by selecting the most desirable paths. For an efficient flow of distribution, a node availability degree standard deviation parameter is introduced. Simulation results, under the network simulator-2 (NS-2), show that MLBCC improves the performance of FLMB and AOMDV in terms of the control overhead, packet delivery ratio, average delay and packet drop ratio. In addition, the results show that MLBCC efficiently balances the load of the nodes in the network.

Multipath Load Balancing Technique for Congestion Control in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that can communicate without any centralized administration or fixed infrastructure. Because of limited wireless link capabilities, nodes with heavy traffic will reduce their energy rapidly and increases the possibility of congestion and path disconnection. Hence, load balancing and congestion is necessary in MANET. Thus, this paper explores an efficient routing technique called multipath load balancing technique for congestion control (MLBCC) in MANETs to efficiently balance the load among the multiple paths by reducing congestion. The proposed protocol performs two major functions during the data transmission process, firstly, congestion detection by using an arrival rate and an outgoing rate at a particular time interval T. Secondly, selection of gateway node using link cost and the path cost to efficiently distribute the load by selecting the most desirable paths. For an efficient flow of distribution, a node availability degree standard deviation parameter is introduced. The results of our experiments show performance improvements in terms of average end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio and packet drop ratio in comparison with AOMDV and FMLB.