Suk-Hyun Seo

A reliable gateway for in-vehicle networks based on LIN, CAN, and FlexRay

This article describes a reliable gateway for in-vehicle networks. Such networks include local interconnect networks, controller area networks, and FlexRay. There is some latency when transferring a message from one node (source) to another node (destination). A high probability of error exists due to different protocol specifications such as baud-rate, and message frame format. Therefore, deploying a reliable gateway is a challenge to the automotive industry. We propose a reliable gateway based on the OSEK/VDX components for in-vehicle networks. We also examine the gateway system developed, and then we evaluate the performance of our proposed system.

A gateway system for an automotive system: LIN, CAN, and FlexRay

In the automotive industry, the usage of microcontrollers has been increasing rapidly. Many mechanical parts of automobiles are being replaced with microcontrollers, and these microcontrollers are controlling various parts of the automobile, so communications between microcontrollers must be reliable. Until now, several protocols for automotive communications have been introduced, and LIN, CAN, and FlexRay are the most widely known protocols. Different vendors of automobiles use different protocols and each protocol possess different features. This paper presents a network gateway system between LIN, low-speed CAN, high-speed CAN, and FlexRay.

Development of Platform for Rapid Control Prototyping Technique

In todays extremely competitive, technically challenging, cost sensitive market place, the design process must be improved to shorten the design time and remove the costs associated with building engineering development controllers. Embedded system software is steadily increasing in size and sophistication, as well as in terms of the complexity of the hardware and environmental interfaces, which in turn, adversely impacts the electronic control unit (ECU) time-to-market and quality. To remedy the increasing complexity, the trade-off between software and hardware can now be investigated via concurrent development early in the design cycle. This paper suggests a development method for ECU embedded system software by using Matlabreg/Simulink reg(Mathworks Corporation). Matlabreg/Simulink reg provides the ability to quickly evaluate enhancements to existing algorithms and to evaluate new control or diagnostic concepts, making it a rapid medium for developing, testing and validating the real-target system. In this paper, the ECU embedded system containing MPC565 MCU is used as a real-target system. Using this method, it is possible to quickly check for performance issues and consider needed corrections or enhancements without incurring the time and cost burden associated with ECU embedded system software development

Development of Network Gateway Between CAN and FlexRay Protocols For ECU Embedded Systems

This paper presents a network gateway between the CAN and FlexRay protocols for ECU embedded systems. Flexible gateways are necessary for implementing several functions to avoiding the need for increased clock speed. This gateway system is based on a second internal control unit, which can be implemented as a RISC or a specialized finite state machine and use combined message buffer RAM. The control unit is used to lessen the interrupt burden of the main CPU and to reduce the required CPU performance, while message buffer RAM is used to store all messages transmitted and received. It requires a high system frequency to guarantee the transfer of data between two or more networks in real-time and to assure data integrity. To compensate for the limited functionality of the modules, the control unit requires greater program memory capacity, for storing the complex routing information. This gateway system is based on proven communication controllers, expanded with a gateway interface. These communication controllers are linked by an independent CPU data bus structure that enables the transfer of messages. The data flow between the modules is controlled by an application specific gateway unit that provides all control signals. This unit consists of special function registers or of an independent CPU finite state machine. Due to the special gateway interfaces, which allows concurrent CPU and gateway unit request to the same cell, semaphores and flags are not necessary. This maximizes the flexibility of the module. These Gateways play and will continue to play a major role in automotive networks such as CAN, and FlexRay

A fault-tolerant gateway for in-vehicle networks

This paper presents a fault-tolerant gateway embedded system that uses two micro-controllers. One microcontroller performs the main function of achieving a gateway, often called by the main micro-controller. In contrast, another plays the role of checker for the main micro-controller, and is called the sub micro-controller. To achieve fault-tolerance, the checker monitors the state of the main micro-controller. In this paper, we propose hardware architecture for fault-tolerance and evaluate the performance of the proposed system.

Implementation and analysis of the embedded master for EtherCAT

The Ethernet-based network protocol is widely using in industrial environments. Its advantages include high speed, high performance, operation over long distances, and better interoperability. A number of techniques are used to implement the Ethernet protocol for the needs of industrial processes that must provide real time processes. This paper analyses network performance of an Embedded system based master using EtherCAT. The network performance characteristics of the Embedded systems are compared by considering into the factors affecting their performance in a network system. This may determine reasons why network performance differs between factors.

An evaluation of the FlexRay-CAN gateway-embedded system in the HEV test bench

This paper presents the unified gateway for an invehicle network using LIN, CAN and FlexRay. The presented gateway uses MPC5567 MCU, including LIN, CAN, and FlexRay communication controllers. In this paper, we propose a reliable gateway algorithm and architecture. In addition, an embedded system is developed for the gateway and the gateway function is implemented. The proposed system is evaluated by experiments under a HEV test bench environment.

A Reliable Gateway for In-vehicle Networks

Abstract This paper presents a reliable gateway for communication between the LIN, CAN, FlexRay protocols. A gateway is indispensable device for constructing in-vehicle networks. Networks with different protocols have to include an additional gateway in order to exchange information among different networks. The main function of the gateway is translation. However, there is some latency when a message is transferred from one node (source) to another (destination); further, there is a high probability of error due to different protocol specifications such as baudrates, message frame formats, and so on. Therefore the implementation of a reliable gateway is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a reliable gateway based on OSEK OS and OSEK NM for in-vehicle networks. We develop a gateway embedded system and implement a reliable gateway mechanism. We then examine the developed gateway system and present the results of experiments with several trials.

A model-based design for electronic control units based on OSEK/VDX

Control system embedded software is steadily increasing in size and sophistication, because of the complexity of the hardware and environmental interfaces associated with it. Control algorithms are now more complex and require more time and cost to implement that real control systems. This paper presents a method of developing electronic control units (ECUs) based on OSEK/VDX using model-based design and an embedded system platform. We develop a platform for ECUs in a vehicle as a real-target system which plays the role of a universal ECU. The model-based design is achieved by Matlab/Simulink. Using this method, it is possible to quickly implement embedded software including complex control algorithms without the time and cost burden associated with understanding hardware and software engineering.

A method for improving the reliability of the gateway system by using OSEK and duplication scheme

The gateway system is an essential component for network-to-network communication using different protocols inside a distributed system. Since reliability is an important aspect in an automotive system, here we propose a method for improving the reliability of the gateway system by using OSEK/VDX and duplication scheme. Three factors were considered for improving the reliability of the gateway. First, a high priority message must be processed first. Second, the gateway should not transmit messages to erroneous nodes that cannot receive messages by checking the accessibility of the destination node. Third, a sub-gateway should be used alternately with the main gateway when the main gateway cannot operate correctly. In this study, we developed a CAN and FlexRay gateway embedded system and applied the proposed method to this system.