Sukhdeep Singh

Energy Efficiency in Wireless Networks – a Composite Review

ABSTRACT Energy efficiency is one of the most distinguished area on which several research groups and organizations across the globe are progressively working. This paper focuses on various technologies for truncating energy consumption in wireless communication. This incorporates new network architecture, network resource management, and supreme physical layer methods. Network architecture embraces multi-hop mobile networks, distributed antennas, diverse networks, etc. Furthermore, network resource management schemes comprise cross-layer optimization, multiple radio access technologies, and the dynamic power saving. The supreme physical layer methods encompass cognitive radio, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), concerted communications, network coding, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), etc. We render an exhaustive survey of such techniques proposed by several organizations across the globe. We also discussed energy efficiency prospect in future wireless communication systems like 5G, mobile cloud computing, Internet of things (IoT), and big data. Finally, we confer the major challenges and open issues in these technologies.

A Survey on 5G Network Technologies from Social Perspective

ABSTRACT The rapid advancement in communication technological innovations results in proliferation of heterogeneous smart devices in the network. The inter-communication of these devices is usually related to their social behaviour and relationships. Furthermore, upcoming 5G network promises to bind all the network technologies like Internet of Vehicles (IoV), Internet of Things (IoT), Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC), Smart Grids (SG), Big Data, and Device-to-Device (D2D) communications in a common network. To achieve this unified goal, one promising possibility is to exploit social properties of various smart devices used by these technologies. Exploitation of social aspect can dispense optimized networking while avoiding problems like, network congestion, resource allocations, and the like. It also leads to convergence of upcoming 5G network technologies and human society giving rise to a new paradigm known as “socio-5G network technologies”. The state-of-the-art research on socio-5G network technologies is reviewed with the focus on six important technologies that 5G promises to support in one integrated network: IoV, IoT, MCC, SG, Big Data, and D2D communications. We also discuss the open issues related to combining social aspect with above-mentioned technologies.

Mobile Network Operator and Mobile User Cooperation for Customized D2D Data Services

The explosive growth of smart devices has led to the evolution of multimedia data (mainly video) services in mobile networks. It attracted many mobile network operators (MNO) to deploy novel network architectures and develop effective economic policies. Mobile data offloading through smart devices (SDs) by exploring device-to-device (D2D) communications can significantly reduce network congestion and enhance quality of service at a lower cost, which is the key requirement of upcoming 5G networks. This reasonable cost solution is useful for attracting mobile users to participate in the offloading process by paying them proper incentives. It is beneficial for MNOs as well as mobile users. Moreover, D2D communications promise to be one of the prominent services for 5G networks. In this paper, we present a combinatorial optimal reverse auction (CORA) mechanism, which efficiently selects and utilizes available high-end SDs on the basis of available resources for offloading purposes. It also decides the optimal pricing policy for the selected SDs. The efficiency of CORA has been realized in terms of bandwidth and storage demand. Subsequently, we implement caching in SDs, eNodeB (eNB), and evolved packet core (EPC) with the help of our novel video dissemination cache update algorithm to solve the latency or delay issues in the offloading process. Due to high popularity, we specifically focus on video data. Simulation results show that the proposed SD caching scenario curtails the delay up to 75% and the combined cache (CC) scenario slashes the delay varying from 15 to 57%. We also scruitinize the video downloading time performance of various cache scenarios (i.e., CC, EPC cache, eNB cache, and SD cache scenarios).

Social C-RAN: Novel Futuristic Paradigm for Next-Generation Cellular Networks

ABSTRACT Progressive growth of smartphones and number of users in the network demands for increase in network capacity. Proliferation in network capacity in turn triggers the problems like increase in Capital and Operational Expenditures (CAPEX/OPEX), decrease in Quality of Services (QoS), inflation in power consumption and the like. To cater the aforementioned network challenges, Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) is introduced with the capability of centralization, virtualization and co-ordination. The commercialization of C-RAN further faces problems like dynamic resource allocation environment, co-operative transmission and reception techniques, interconnection and management of base band unit (BBU) instances in a BBU pool, etc. Therefore, the social paradigm when blended with C-RAN, the evolved C-RAN, i.e. Social C-RAN, promises to overcome the challenges of C-RAN. We contribute a fresh novel proposal of Social C-RAN in which network elements will be connected with the help of social relationships and properties they exhibit. Our quantitative results show that the vision of social layer introduced in the C-RAN architecture automates several functions like handover, frequency assignment, dynamic resource allocation and results in reducing communication delays in various applications. We select the potential applications that play a major role in evolving cellular networks and discuss the possibilities to optimize these applications further using our proposed Social C-RAN architecture.

5G Wireless with Cognitive Radio and Massive IoT

Emerging 5G wireless communications envision very high data rates (typically of Gbps order), extremely low latency, significant increase in base station capacity and improvement in users’ perceived Quality of Experience (QoE), compared to current 4G/3G wireless networks. Rapid proliferation of smart devices, increasing number of multimedia and gaming applications, together with a non-linear increase in wireless data (multimedia) usage is already creating a significant burden on existing cellular networks. 5G wireless systems, with improved data rates, capacity, latency, and QoS are expected to alleviate these problems. The major distinctive characteristics in which 5G wireless differs from the traditional wireless systems are the following:

Nitrogen and weed management in direct-seeded aerobic rice

Aerobic rice is a new way of production system in which input-responsive rice varieties are grown in well-drained non-puddled, soils without ponded water. The main driving force behind aerobic rice is to economize the water use. Aerobic rice offers easier planting, reduced labour, early crop maturity and higher tolerance of water deficit (Balasubramanian and Hill 2002). In aerobic rice, weeds emerge along with the crop. However, weeds being hardy and having profuse root and shoot growth habit, grow faster than rice there by check the growth of rice by severe weed crop competition. Nitrogen is the most limiting nutrient for rice production because of its higher requirement by the rice crops (Singh and Singh 2002). So, nitrogen and weed management are two important management factors limiting the productivity of upland aerobic rice.